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CATTI二级口译精讲第12讲讲义
主题翻译 Theme Practice
谈到中美贸易问题，首先要看到一个最基本的事实，这就是25年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨 大的发展。从1979年的不足25亿美元，发展到今天的1000多亿美元，增长了几十倍。这种巨额增长，是不是只 对一方有利而对另一方不利？或者说只是中国赚了而美国亏了？不是。事实上，两国都从迅速发展的中美贸易 中获得了巨大的利益。//
中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程 度上来自两国资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家，市场广阔，发
展迅速，劳动力成本低，但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。//
美国是最大的发达国家，经济总量大，资本充足，科技发达，但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和 互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为，这就是中美贸易能够持续快速 发展的客观基础。//
中国有一句描写登泰山感受的古诗：“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”。我们对待中美贸易问题， 要有这种高瞻远瞩的战略眼光。诸如美中贸易逆差问题，人民币汇率问题，知识产权保护问题，贵国社会各界 甚为关注。所有这些问题，是在中美贸易发展中出现的问题，是可以取得共识，也是可以逐步得到解决的，不
应该也不可能影响中美经贸发展大局。//
滔滔长河有时会卷起漩涡，漫漫历史进程难免会发生波折。随着中美经贸合作规模的扩大，有点摩擦在所难免。只要双方有诚意，这类问题完全可以通过平等协商和扩大合作来加以妥善解决。//
回顾中美经贸关系发展25年的历史，我们应当从中汲取一些重要的经验和教训。我愿意，就发展中美公平贸易和经济合作提出五条原则，与各位商榷。这五条原则是：
第一、互利共赢。从大处着眼，既要考虑自己利益，又要考虑对方利益。
第二、把发展放在首位。通过扩大经贸合作来化解分歧。
第三、发挥双边经贸协调机制作用。及时沟通和磋商，避免矛盾激化。
第四、平等协商。求大同存小异，不动辄设限和制裁。
When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental fact, that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion. From merely 2.5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today, the increase is dozens of times. Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other? Or is China the winner and the US the loser? The answer is obviously no. In fact, both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade. //
The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies, in the final analysis, in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies, which, to a large extent, stems from their big differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption levels. China is the world’s largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. //
On the other hand, the US is the world’s largest developed country, big in economic size, abundant in capital, and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is very high. Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time, and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization. This, in my view, is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade. //
Depicting how the climber of the towering Mount Tai feels, an ancient Chinese poem goes, “I must ascend the mountain’s crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet.” When approaching problems in China-US trade, we also need to take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight. Problems such as US trade deficit with China, the RMB exchange rate, and intellectual protection, are of concern to many quarters of US society. But they are also problems that come along with expanded China-US trade, and they can be ironed out gradually since common understanding on them is entirely obtainable. They should not, and will not, stand in the way of the larger interests of China-US trade. //
As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river, the flows of history can also be interrupted by some occasional setbacks. As bilateral trade and economic relations grow in size, some frictions are hardly avoidable. So long as the two sides act in good faith, such problems can be resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation. //
A review of China-US trade and economic relations in the past quarter of a century reveals certain important experience and lessons that we should bear in mind. Now, I would like to propose the following five principles for fair trade and economic partnership between China and the US for your consideration: //
First, mutual benefit and win-win result. Thinking broadly, one should take account of the other’s interests while pursuing its own.
Second, development placed as number-one priority. Existing differences should be resolved through expanded trade and economic cooperation.
Third, greater scope to coordinating mechanisms in bilateral trade and economic relations. Disputes should be addressed in a timely manner through communication and consultation to avoid possible escalation.
Fourth, equal consultation. The two sides should seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues, instead of imposing restrictions or sanctions at every turn.
