评论
打印
3.International Cooperation
三、国际合作
For more than 70 years, the world has responded to challenges through a system of rules, shared principles, and institutions, with the Bretton Woods system at its center. John Maynard Keynes, one of the IMF's chief architects, called it "that bigger thing we are bringing to birth".
七十多年来，世界依靠以布雷顿森林体系为核心的一套规则、共同原则和制度体系应对了各种挑战。基金组织的一位总建筑师约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯将其称为"我们正在创造的更伟大的事"。
It is a prime example of the international cooperation that has underpinned a phenomenal rise in incomes and living standards around the world.
这就是国际合作的典型范例，这种合作推动了世界各地人们收入和生活水平的显著提高。
More recently, we worked together to ensure that the Great Recession did not become another Great Depression. Cooperation through a multilateral framework has benefited every country.
不久前，我们齐心合力，避免了"大衰退"发展成为另一场"大萧条"。通过多边框架开展的合作已然惠及了每个国家。
Fostering more resilient growth therefore requires more international cooperation – not less.
所以说，要促进更具韧性的经济增长，就需要开展更多而不是更少的国际合作。
Cooperating to reduce excessive external imbalances, for example, is crucially important because unsustainable policies in one country can impact others. In this context, cooperation means working together to ensure that countries observe a level playing field, including by avoiding protectionist measures as well as distortive policies that give rise to competitive advantage.
例如，通过合作减轻过度的外部失衡极为重要，因为一个国家实施的不可持续的政策会影响其他国家。在这方面，合作意味着共同努力，确保各国维护公平竞争的环境，包括避免采取保护主义措施和造成竞争优势的扭曲性政策。
Restricting trade would be a "self-inflicted wound" that disrupts supply chains, hurts global output, and inflates the prices of production materials and consumer goods. And low-income households are hurt the most as they consume the largest part of their incomes.
限制贸易是"自讨苦吃"，它会中断供应链，影响全球产出，导致生产资料和消费品价格上涨。而低收入家庭受到的损害最为严重，因为他们的消费在收入中所占比例最高。
We also need to cooperate to ensure financial stability – including a stronger global financial safety net to help emerging and developing countries better cope with capital flow volatility in times of distress.
我们还需要通过合作来确保金融稳定，包括建立一个更强有力的全球金融安全网，用以帮助新兴和发展中国家在遭遇困境时更好地应对资本流的波动。
Financial stability requires that we complete the reform of global financial regulations. These rules – especially on bank capital, liquidity, and leverage – have made the financial system safer – and have made taxpayers safer as well, since they are less likely to be on the hook for excessive risk-taking.
为维持金融稳定，我们需要完成全球金融监管改革。这些规则，尤其是关于银行资本、流动性和杠杆的规则，已经加强了金融体系的安全性，同时也使纳税人更加安全，因为他们现在已不太可能为银行过度冒险行为付出代价。
And there is further work to be done in fighting money laundering and combat the financing of terrorism. More broadly, we are supporting reforms to improve governance and to fight corruption – including to combat tax evasion and avoidance – to help ensure that all pay their fair share.
此外，还需要进一步开展反洗钱方面的工作，打击恐怖主义融资。更宽泛地说，我们将支持通过改革来加强治理和打击腐败，包括打击逃税和避税，从而保证所有人都付出他们应付的一份。
Last but not least, we need to work together to accelerate gains in living standards where needs are greatest. Helping low-income countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals is not only a humanitarian question, but will also help billions of consumers to participate fully in the global economy.
最后，同样重要的是，我们必须共同努力，帮助那些最迫切需要改善生活的地区加快提高生活水平。帮助低收入国家实现可持续发展目标不仅是一个人道主义问题，而且有助于数十亿消费者充分参与全球经济。
Standing together is essential to face global challenges such as refugee and humanitarian crises, natural disasters, and climate change.
为了应对诸如难民和人道主义危机、自然灾害以及气候变化等全球挑战，我们必须团结一心、风雨同舟。
