一、主题句的前三种特性:
1、主题句必定是以判断句式出现
2、高度概括(不出现具体时间、地点、人物,若有则skimming时不看)
3、有表示重要性的字眼
4、置于文章或段落中间的、有表示强转折、强对比、因果概括的逻辑关键词。
强转折、强对比词汇往往标志着考点所在,或帮助我们预测考点。
(1) 强转折词汇:
第一组:but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, instead, on the other hand,
A but B:重点在于B
以上一系列词汇作为转折词时,句子的关键是跟在这些转折词后面的部分。
第二组:although, though, in spite of, despite, while, whereas, whilst, notwithstanding, albeit
although A,B:重点在于B而不是紧跟在although后面的词
以上一组转折词都具有该特点
(2) 强对比
常用词unlike, not so much…as, in fact, actually, as a matter of fact
情况一:男女性别对比
Recent polls indicate that American women are, in fact, more stressed out. (笔译 p119)
American women:women出现表示性别对比
强对比词:in fact
情况二:时间对比(用until或时态表现)
But many more are escaping the country.
are escaping:进行时态表现时间上的强烈对比
完成时态也常常暗示着时间对比
情况三:新老观点对比
老观点常用词:traditional 传统上的conventional 惯例上的
新观点常用词:radical偏激的 revolutionary 具有革命性质的 adventuresome 冒险的、偏激的
情况四:专家观点vs.大众观点
注:作者会支持专家观点
The public still assumes that dietitian’s main job is advising people how to lose weight. But this is only a very small part of their work. (p95)
The public大众:一旦有大众观点出现,马上受到批判
(3) 因果概括
第一种现象:词后直接加原因
词有:
because (of), since, as, for, on the ground(s) of / that,
result from ,originate from , arise from , derive from ,stem from
be traced to, be attributed to
第二种现象:词后直接加结果
这些词有:
therefore, consequently
give rise to ,give birth to
account for, hence, thus
第三种现象:概括结构
主语往往是:this, that, it , all these
谓语动词往往是:is, means, shows, suggests