英语单词后面加了”s”或”es”后，这个单词的发音会有什么变化？是不是就是千篇一律在这个单词原有的发音后面加一个/s/的音吗？其实并不这么简单，但也不难。学习正确掌握英语单词后面加了”s”或”es”后的发音，能提高你的发音质量，同时也能帮助你更流利地说英语。

单词后加“s” 或“es”后的正确发音有以下5种情况：

1. 如果单词的最后一个音是/s/，//，/t/，/z/，/d/，那么在该单词后加“es”或“s”后，该“es”会“s”读作/iz/。如：
kisses buses washes pushes matches churches
boxes mixes liz's houses pages oranges

2. 如果单词的最后一个音是不发音的辅音： /p/，/k/，/f/，那么在该单词后加“s”后，该“s”会读作/s/。如：
books speaks likes stops stamps takes

3. 如果单词的最后一个音是发音的辅音：/b/，/g/，/v/，/l/，/m/，/n/，/r/，/ŋ/，或者是元音，那么在该单词后加“s”后，该“s”会读作/z/。如：
pens bags learns couples rooms cars

4. 如果单词的最后一个音是/t/，/θ/，那么在该单词后加“s”后，会读作/ts/。 如：
cats pets rats peanuts secrets months

5. 如果单词的最后一个音是/d/，那么在该单词后加“s”后，会读作/dz/。如：
friends reads floods words boards ends

请注意：以上4到5点发音我们专门在第21课里讲到，/ts/和/dz/的发音。

唇舌训练：
She walks into the office in her pink dress. /s/
The bank opens at nine o'clock on weekdays. /z/
The supermarket closes at half past two on Sundays. /iz/
He goes to bed at ten o'clock. /z/
She gets up at about 8 o’clock. /ts/
Her plane arrives at two fifteen this afternoon. /z/
The program finishes at about eleven thirty. /iz/
Jenny reads English every morning before her breakfast. /dz/
It takes me two hours to make it up. /s/
The train leaves at about eleven o’clock. /z/
My sister watches TV every night. /iz/
The color matches your skin perfectly. /iz/
My daughter likes singing and dancing. /s/
The car stops just right after him. /s/
She never washes her own laundry. /iz/
Tina begins to learn to trust people. /z/
The presentation ends in 2 hours. /dz/
She writes journal every day to practice her English. /ts/
Franklin sings an English song along with his mom. /z/

发音与朗读训练
（在做以下朗读练习时，请注意黑体单词中画线字母的发音）
Forgiveness 宽恕之美
The practice of forgiveness can play an important role in your relationships with others.
/s/ /z/
宽恕的行为在你和他人的关系中起着非常重要的作用。

Forgiveness will enable you to correct distortions in your relationships
/z/ /s/
宽恕使你能够纠正一段曲解的关系，

and to improve the quality, intensity, and meaningfulness of relationships.
/s/
提高人际关系的质量，改善紧张的人际关系，同时让这种关系更有意义。

It means letting go of past resentments toward others
/z/ /ts/ /z/
宽恕意味着忘却过去对他人的一段怨恨，

so that you can experience them in the present.

反之与他们共处现在。

Even if you do not "feel" like forgiving someone,

尽管你还不是很情愿去宽恕某人，

forgiving him or her will release you from the hold of the past

但宽恕他或她能帮助你走出过去的阴影，

and allow you to experience the world in a new way.

并让你以一种崭新的方式体验这个世界。

To forgive is to step outside the vicious circle of interpretation,

去宽恕就是去摆脱不愉快的经历，

where concepts from the past dominate experience,
/ts/
摆脱一直纠缠着你的过去，

and to begin to live in terms of a larger, more worthy purpose.
/z/
并且以一种更博大，更充实的胸怀开始新的生活。

Forgiveness eliminates fear and anxiety, weakness and vulnerability
/ts/
宽恕能够削除恐惧，焦虑，无助以及脆弱。