我们在说英语时，经常会碰到这种情况，一旦遇到单词末尾加了”d”或”ed”后，总会卡住，有些绕口，同时也影响了英语口语的流利度。

之所以会有以上这种情况是因于我们平时对单词末尾加了”d”或”ed”后的发音变化不重视，并未正确地处理好单词加了”d”或”ed”后其末尾音的发音。

今天，我们会对单词后面加了“d”或“ed”后的发音变化作归纳总结，同时做相应的强化训练。这样我们就能正确地发好单词后面加了“d”或“ed”后的读音，不但可以帮助大家提高发音质量，同时也能帮助大家更流利说英语。

单词后加“d”或“ed”后的正确发音

动词过去式或过去分词，在动词后面加“d”或“ed”后，发音会有以下三种情况：

1. 如果单词的最后一个音是：/t/或者/d/，那么加“ed”后，“ed”会读做：/id/
started needed invited waited graduated

2. 如果单词的最后一个音是不发音的辅音如：/p/，/k/，/f/，/s/，//，/t/或/θ/，那么加“ed”后，“ed”会读做：/t/
helped passed reached looked asked

3. 如果单词的最后一个音是：/b/，/g/，/v/，/l/，/r/，/m/，/n/，/ ŋ /，//，/d/或元音，那末么加“d”或“ed”后，“ed”会读做：/d/
offered lived saved discovered tried

唇舌训练：
Last year we decided not to go abroad. /id/
We rented a lovely cottage in Wales. /id/
It rained every day during the past couple of weeks. /d/
We stayed with friends in Paris. /d/
We camped outside Rome. /t/
I worked all last summer. /t/
I wanted a new car. /id/
I saved up a lot of money for my vacation.. /d/
Last summer I visited my cousin in New York. /id/
I really enjoyed it. /d/
I traveled all over America too. /d/
I waited the whole night. /id/
The car stopped immediately right after him. /t/
You and I have searched everywhere. /t/
She walked along the river this morning. /t/
I graduated from my high school two years ago. /id/
I called my mom last night. /d/
He offered to teach me English. /d/
We started out pretty late. /id/
My son jumped up and down to have fun. /t/

请注意：在有些情况下，单词末尾的辅音，如本课中遇到的单词后加了“d”或“ed”后，单词的最后一个辅音如/d/, /t/有时会不发出来，关于这种情况我们会在《Faith口语课堂之流利口语技巧》中讲到并进行强化训练。鉴于本课的学习目的，请同学们在进行本课练习时，不要省略这些辅音的发音。

发音与朗读训练
（在做以下朗读练习时，请注意黑体单词中画线字母的发音）
If I Had My Life to Live over 如果有来生
If I had my life to live over...I would have talked less and listened more;　
/t/ /d/
如果有来生，我会少说，多听;

I would have invited friends over to dinner
/id/
我会请朋友来家吃饭

even if the carpet was strained and the sofa faded;　
/d/ /id/
即便地毯脏了，沙发褪色了;

I would have burned the pink candle sculpted like a rose
/d/ /id/
我会点燃那支雕成玫瑰状的蜡烛，

before it melted in storage;
/id/
而不让它在尘封中熔化;

I would never have insisted the car windows be rolled up on a summer day
/id/ /d/
我不会坚持在夏日里把车窗关上

because my hair had just been teased and sprayed.
/d/ /d/
去担心刚梳理好的头发会被风吹散。

I would have cried and laughed less while watching television,
/d/ /t/
我会把泪水和笑声更多地留给观察人生，

and more while watching life.

而不是观看电视。