背景知识认知：

1. FPA: free of particular average 单独海损不赔，平安险

2. WPA: with particular average 担保单独海损，水渍险

词汇精学：

1. insurance charge 保险费

2. a standard practice 惯例

3. the validity term 有效期

4. underwriter
n. 保险公司；保险业者；承诺支付者；担保人

eg. It is the top underwriter of corporate bonds in China.
该公司是中国最大的企业债券承销商。

eg. Depending on whether an operation is invoked by the customer or by the underwriter, the returned behavior may be quite different.
根据某个操作是由客户还是由担保人调用的，所返回的行为可能会有很大不同。

短语精学：

be responsible for 对……负责；是……的原因

eg. Our client wanted to be responsible for testing the application.
我们的客户想要负责测试这个应用程序。

eg.While it’s long, it’s a great summary of the debate about who should be responsible for social media in an organisational context.
信虽然很长，但的确是一个很好的总结，一个关于谁有责任在一个组织中充当媒介的思考。

eg. Employees who used to be responsible for decisions, now have to run it by their boss or their colleagues.
过去愿意承担责任的员工，现在更愿意把责任推给老板或是同事。