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Part thirteen
第十三章
Orthodontic Treatment
正畸治疗
Doctor Smith has referred my son to your office for orthodontic treatment.
史密斯医生把我的儿子介绍到你这里进行矫正治疗。
I see. Would you and your son come into my consultation room, please? How old is your son?
哦，那么，请你和你的儿子进到治疗室去，你儿子几岁了？
10 years old, Doctor.
十岁。
Has he ever had a serious disease?
他以前得过重病吗？
Does he have a history of serious illness?
他以前有得过重病的历史吗？
No, nothing out of the ordinary.
没有，没有什么太重的病。
Did he ever have a thumb-sucking habit?
他有没有吸吮大拇指的习惯？
He used to suck his thumb when he was younger, but he stopped when he was eight years old.
他还小的时候习惯吮吸大拇指，到了八岁时就不吮吸了。
Is he a mouth breather?
他是不是用嘴巴呼吸的？
Does he sleep with his mouth open?
他是不是张着嘴巴睡觉？
Does he usually breathe through his mouth?
他是不是常常用嘴巴呼吸？
Does he have a habit of biting his lips or tongue?
他有没有咬嘴唇和咬舌头的习惯？
Does he press his tongue against the back of his teeth when he swallows?
他吞东西时是不是把他的舌头紧贴在牙齿后边？
Is he a tongue thruster
他是不是习惯推伸舌头？
Sometimes, Doctor, he does make a habit of biting his tongue.
他有时有咬舌头的习惯
Did you use a comforter (pacifier) for a long time, Taro?
太郎，你是不是用橡皮奶头用过一段很长时间？
Do you bite your fingernails?
你咬指甲吗？
Do you ever bite on pencils or other objects?
你咬过铅笔或者别的什么东西吗？
T: Yes, I do bite on pencils at school.
是的，我在学校里咬铅笔。
Has he ever had trouble with his tonsils or adenoids?
他得过扁桃腺炎或腺状肿吗？
Has he ever had throat infections?
他喉咙得过感染没有？
Did he have his tonsils or adenoids removed?
他割过扁桃腺或线状肿吗？
Not yet, Doctor.
没有割过。
Did Tara have a lot of cavities in his baby teeth?
太郎的乳牙蛀的多不多？
Did he lose any baby teeth because of decay or infection?
他有没有因为蛀牙或感染而脱落乳牙？
Does anyone in your family have a similar disarrangement of the teeth?
在你家人当有没有患有类似的齿列不正的？
Do you sleep on your stomach or on your back, Taro?
太郎，你是肚子在下边是背在下睡觉的？
I forget, Doctor.
我忘记了。
The normal development of the teeth and jaws may be affected by the way that a child sleeps.
孩子们牙齿和颌部的正常发育可能因睡眠的姿势而受到影响。
All of these things are important to the teeth?
这些对牙齿都很重要吗？
Yes. Oral habits and premature loss of the baby teeth are also important factors in determining how the teeth and jaws develop.
是的，与口腔有关的习惯和乳牙过早脱落也是决定牙齿和上、下颌如何发育的重要因素，
Oral habits are very difficult to stop.
口腔的习惯不易改变过来，
Sometimes they can be treated successfully.
有时却能治的好。
For example, "Thumb Suck" may help the patient to stop thumb sucking.
例如：人工做的、用来吮吸的、假拇指，可以帮助病人改掉吮吸大拇指的习惯。
A lip bumper may help to stop lip sucking.
唇套也有助于改掉咬嘴唇的习惯。
