Lesson 8 An exciting trip
令人激动的旅行

一、词汇部分：
1.exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
扩展：thrilled/pumped 兴奋的
2.different adj. 不同的
3.Receive v.收到；
4.Center 中心
搭配：in the center of 在…的中心
5.firm 公司
表示专业只是的公司。Law firm 律师事务所；
6.Abroad adv. 在国外；
比如：study abroad 在国外读书；travel abroad 出国旅游；live abroad 去国外生活

二、文章讲解：
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been therefor six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

1.I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
1）语法1: 同位语（相同位置的语言－名词之间）
例句：This is my brother, Peter. (brother = Peter) 这是我的哥哥，皮特。
例句：Peter, the president of Harvard University, is planning to visit Peking University next month. 皮特，哈佛大学的校长，计划下月来访问北京大学。（Peter = the president of Harvard University）
例句：The capital of China, Beijing, has more than 10 million people. 中国的首都，北京，有超过1000万人口。
Receive a letter from someone
2）语法2－时态：基本时间划分－过去，现在，将来。
现在：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成式；一般现在完成进行时；
现在完成时
（第一部分）定义：从过去某一个时间点开始，到现在“完成”的动作。
（第二部分）结构：
结构1：have/has + 动词过去分词 ＋for + 时间段
结构2：have/has +动词过去分词 ＋ since +过去时间点
备注：过去分词变化规则
1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)直接＋ed;　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)以”e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加”d”; live---lived---lived ,
(3)以”辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i", 再加”ed”。study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加”ed”。stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped—dropped
2、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。例如; cut- cut- cut, hit-- hit-- hit.
例句：I have learnt English for 10 years. 我学英语已经有10年了。
例句：I have learnt English since 1996. 我自从1996年开始学英语
（第三部分）特殊注意点：
如果完成时，后面加时间，但是谓语动词是短暂性动词。短暂性动词要做相应变化。
leave --- be away,
borrow --- keep,
buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead,
finish --- be over
join --- be on+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,
open sth --- keep sth open,
fall ill --- be ill
get up---be up,
come here --- be here,
go there --- be there,
become --- be,
come back --- be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know,
go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear
catch a cold →have a cold
get married---be married
例：He has (die—be dead) been dead for 5 years.
例：We have been married(marry---be married) for 5 years.
例：He has had(buy—have) this book for 5 years.