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Todd: So Julia, you are a teacher.
托德：朱莉娅，你是老师。
Julia: That's right.
朱莉娅：没错。
Todd: So I'm going to run a theory by you.
托德：我要给你介绍个理论。
Julia: Okay.
朱莉娅：好。
Todd. So we were talking about learner types earlier and I actually think I have my own little diagram for motivational types.
托德：我们之前谈过学习者的类型，实际上我自己按照动机对学习者进行了分类。
Julia: Motivation types, okay, that's interesting because I need a handle on motivation.
朱莉娅：动机类型，好，这很有意思，因为我需要处理动机问题。
Todd: So basically I think there's four types of students. I always get four types of students. They're either a player.
托德：总的来说，我认为有四种学生。我接触到的学生有四种。第一种是竞争者。
Julia: A player.
朱莉娅：竞争者。
Todd: A pupil, a participant, or a prisoner.
托德：然后分别是学生、参与者和囚禁者。
Julia: A prisoner, a player, a pupil, a participant or a prisoner, okay.
朱莉娅：囚禁者，竞争者，学生，参与者，好。
Todd: Yeah, easy to remember, all P's.
托德：很容易记，都是P开头的单词。
Julia: All P's, yeah, good system.
朱莉娅：都是P开关的单词，嗯，不错的体系。
Todd: Okay. So a player is a student who loves a subject matter, they study it on their own, even if there wasn't class they would still study it.
托德：好。玩家是指喜欢一个科目，他们会自己进行研究，即使不是课程，他们也会进行研究。
Julia: Okay. Like a natural in a subject maybe?
朱莉娅：好。就是很自然地喜欢一个科目？
Todd: It could be natural or like, you know, because we teach English, it would be like a student that loves English, learns English on their own, maybe went and studied overseas. And they're always improving and they kind of take class just to reinforce what they're already learning. But they actually don't like class usually. Often they don't like homework, they don't like tests, they don't like things that really judge their ability. They just want to keep learning and just being around the subject, that's why they're a player, they just want to play. And it would be like if you played a sport, it would be like an athlete who doesn't really want to practice, he just wants to play.
托德：可能是这样，我们教英语，可能有学生喜欢英语，所以他们会自学英语，也许他们会去海外进修英语。这些学生一直在进步，他们听课可能只是为了巩固他们学过的知识。但实际上他们并不喜欢上课。通常他们不喜欢写作业 ，他们也不喜欢测验，他们不喜欢那些评判他们能力的事情。他们只是想继续学习，只是想继续研究那个科目，所以才称他们为玩家，因为他们只是想参与其中。就像参加体育运动一样，有运动员并不喜欢练习，他们只是想从事这项运动。
Julia: So for the fun of it?
朱莉娅：为了好玩？
Todd: Yeah.
托德：对。
Julia: Someone who does it just for the sheer enjoyment?
朱莉娅：只是为了纯粹的享受？
Todd: Right. They just want to do it for the enjoyment and for the end result, like they do it and they don't need really someone telling them how good they are. Now, on the flipside you have a pupil. And a pupil would be somebody who loves class, they're a teacher's pet.
托德：对。他们只是为了享受，至于最后的结果，他们并不需要别人告诉他们他们有多优秀。和这类人相对的是学生。他们喜欢上课，他们是老师的宠儿。
Julia: A swot they might call them.
朱莉娅：这种人被称为书呆子。
Todd: A swot, oh really, okay.
托德：对，书呆子。
Julie: Yeah, a swot is someone who studies hard.
朱莉娅：书呆子就是那种用功学习的人。
Todd: Yeah, exactly.
托德：对，没错。
Julia: And gets pleasure from studying and the teacher knowing that they've studied and a swot.
朱莉娅：他们从学习中得到快乐，老师知道他们在学习，所以他们是书呆子。
Todd: Exactly. A swot, there you go, a new word for me. Not a P, but yeah. They want to sit in the front row, they want to get good grades, they want to stand out. But maybe they actually don't love the subject matter that much, they want to do that at every class.
托德：没错。书呆子，这对我来说是个新词。不是P开头的单词。他们想坐在前排，他们想获得高分，他们想脱颖而出。也许他们并不是太喜欢这个科目，他们只想在课堂上研究。
Julia: They like being good at it regardless of what it is.
朱莉娅：不管是什么，他们都希望做到最好。
Todd: Exactly. Exactly. So those are usually the two best students you have, right. You're going to have players who love the subject and pupils who love being a good student.
托德：对，没错。这是两种最优秀的学生。一种是喜欢研究科目的玩家，一种是想成为好学生的学生。
Julia: And swots.
朱莉娅：书呆子。
Todd: And swots. And then in the system there's two more. So there's also participants. Now, a participant, they love class but they don't love in the way that a pupil loves class. A participant just loves being with their friends. They love the social aspect of class. They love seeing people they know, they love talking. They love being in a group. And it really doesn't matter what the subject is.
托德：书呆子。在我划分的体系中还有两类学生。第三种是参与者。他们喜欢上课，但是他们喜欢上课的程度不及学生。参与者只是喜欢和朋友待在一起。他们喜欢课堂的社交性。他们喜欢看到他们认识的人，他们喜欢聊天。他们喜欢小组活动。课题是什么并不重要。
Julia: Okay.
朱莉娅：好。
Todd: You know what I mean?
托德：你懂我的意思吗？
Julia: Yeah.
朱莉娅：我懂。
Todd: Like I think in college I was often a participant, like I would take a class because my friends took the class. So yeah, that's basically, that's a participant.
托德：我认为我在大学时就是参与者，我去上课是因为我朋友们都去了。可以说，这就是参与者。
Julia: Okay, class is time to hang out with your friends.
朱莉娅：好，课堂是和朋友们一起玩的时间。
Todd: Exactly, social outlet.
托德：没说，社交圈。
Julia: Do you think they even know what subject it is that they're...
朱莉娅：你认为他们知道他们在学什么吗？
Todd: Yeah, maybe they don't even care, and exactly, you could change the subject on them, like you know, hey, we're going to do German and they would be like, "Hey, that's cool, as long as we're still together."
托德：嗯，也许他们根本不在乎这些，你可以让他们改变所学科目，如果你说：“嘿，我们去学德语吧”，他们可能会说：“那太酷了，只要我们还一起上课就行”。
Julia: Well that's nice. And the fourth one?
朱莉娅：这很好。第四种类型呢？
Todd: Yeah, the last one is the sad one, the prisoner.
托德：最后一种类型很可怜，是囚禁者。
Julia: The fourth, like the prisoner, that sounds a little bit scary.
朱莉娅：第四种就像囚犯一样，听起来有点可怕。
Todd: Yeah. The prisoner, the poor prisoner. The prisoner is basically society says they have to take this class. Some authority said, "You have to take the class, you have no choice." It could be the government, it could be their mother, it could be their university curriculum.
托德：对，囚禁者，可怜的囚禁者。这类人是，社会让他们必须去上这门课。权威机构说，“你必须要让课，你没有选择。”可能是政府要求，也可能是他们母亲的要求，又或者是他们所上大学的课程设置。
Julia: So there's like a mandatory subject that they don't really want to do?
朱莉娅：类似必修课，可是他们并不想上这门课？
Todd: Exactly. If they had the choice to opt out, they would opt out in a heartbeat. If you said, "Hey, you know what, if you want you do not have to take this class, you do not have to show up every day, everything's fine, it's cool." They wouldn't show up. So basically they're a prisoner, you know. And a prisoner doesn't actually mean that they're a bad student. They could actually be an A student, and it doesn't mean that they have a bad attitude, they could be very polite, but they just ... they really don't want to take that subject, they're stuck doing it and there's just no getting out of it.
托德：没错。如果他们可以选择退课，那他们可能会马上退选这门课。如果你说：“嘿，如果你不想上这门课，那你不用每天都来上课，这完全没问题，没关系。”那他们肯定不会来上课了。他们就像囚禁者一样。这并不是说他们是坏学生。他们也可能是优秀的学生，这也不能说明他们态度不好，他们可能很有礼貌，他们只是不想学这门课，他们只是被迫来上课，没办法脱离。
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