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经济学人:熊彼特企业管理专栏--企业和工会(4)

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Across America, private-sector unions are struggling. Membership has fallen from 30% in the 1950s to just 11%. Among private firms it is less than 7%. Tech firms are non-unionised. Industrial concentration has made things worse. Workers’ threats to flee to a competitor are less credible when there are fewer rival employers.

在美国,私营部门的工会举步维艰。会员从20世纪50年代的30%下降到现在的11%。在私营企业中,这一比例不到7%。科技公司没有工会。工业集中化使情况变得更糟。当竞争对手雇主减少时,工人们向竞争对手发出的逃跑威胁就不那么可信了。

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Some in the Democratic Party hope to revive the fortunes of the traditional union. But it seems more likely that new forces are at work in the relation between capital and labour. One group, United for Respect, has successfully badgered Walmart, America’s biggest private employer, into changing its pregnancy policies and offering more familyfriendly schedules—areas that male-dominated unions ignore— as well as better pay. Another, Coworker.org, enables people to press their employers on issues ranging from parental leave to climate change through online petitions. Last year Google was persuaded to drop out of a lucrative tender to provide the Pentagon with artificial-intelligence software after moral objections from its coddled coders.

一些民主党人希望恢复这个传统联盟的命运。但似乎更有可能的是,在资本和劳动力之间的关系中,有新的力量在起作用。大公司的员工通过社交媒体进行“自我组织”,经常围绕着与过去工会老板不相关的问题。一个名为“尊重联盟”的组织成功地迫使美国最大的私营雇主沃尔玛改变其怀孕政策,并提供更有利于家庭的日程安排——这是男性主导的工会所忽视的领域——以及更高的工资。另一个网站是Coworker.org,人们可以通过在线请愿,向雇主施压,讨论从产假到气候变化等各种问题。去年,谷歌被说服放弃了为五角大楼提供人工智能软件的竞标,这一项目利润丰厚,但遭到了娇惯的程序员在道德上的反对。
Such “bursts of expression”, as Andrea Dehlendorf, co-head of United for Respect calls them, may one day become what strikes were in the 20th century—the norm. Unions should take note. So should companies, which can be skewered over an expanding gamut of gripes. Tired of licking the skillet, workers are finding new ways to brandish it.
正如“尊重曼联”的联合主管安德里亚•德赫蓝多夫所说,这种“表达的爆发”有一天可能会成为20世纪罢工的常态。工会应该注意这一点。企业也应该这样做,因为它们可以针对范围不断扩大的抱怨进行抨击。工人们厌倦了舔锅,正在寻找新的方法来挥舞锅。

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
tender ['tendə]

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adj. 温柔的,嫩的,脆弱的 ,亲切的,敏感的,未成熟

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norm [nɔ:m]

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n. 标准,规范

 
expanding [iks'pændiŋ]

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扩展的,扩充的

 
credible ['kredəbl]

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adj. 可信的,可靠的

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traditional [trə'diʃənəl]

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adj. 传统的

 
skillet ['skilit]

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n. 煎锅

 
rival ['raivəl]

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n. 对手,同伴,竞争者
adj. 竞争的

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democratic [.demə'krætik]

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adj. 民主的,大众的,平等的

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pregnancy ['pregnənsi]

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n. 怀孕

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ignore [ig'nɔ:]

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vt. 不顾,不理,忽视

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