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For some who came after him, India was more than an invitation just to smash and grab.
克莱夫的后来者们并非都抱着前来烧杀抢掠的心态。
Warren Hastings, the first to hold the title of Governor-General, was committed to the possibility of repairing the broken body of India the Indian way.
瓦伦·黑斯廷斯，英属印度第一任总督，他深信彼时分崩离析的印度是有可能以印度特有方式得以恢复的。
He learned Persian and four Indian languages.
他掌握了波斯语以及四门印度当地的语言。
He founded the Asiatic Society, dedicated to understanding Indian culture, commissioned the first Anglo-Hindustani dictionaries, translations of Indian law codes and the Bhagavadgita.
创立了亚洲学会，这个学会致力于了解印度文化，主持编写第一部盎格鲁-印度斯坦字典，并翻译印度的法典以及《薄伽梵歌》。
And under Hastings' administration, there was a tantalisingly brief moment when the two cultures actually converged rather than collided.
在黑斯廷斯的管理之下，英国与印度的文化在彼此冲撞了很久之后出现了昙花一现的包容与融合。
British men had Indian mistresses, even wives, sometimes two, one in Delhi, one in Lucknow.
英国人会养印度情妇，甚至娶印度新娘，还有的英国人在德里和勒克瑙各娶一位。
They went to cock fights, smoked hookah pipes with Indian princes, made deals with Hindu money men.
他们会去围观斗鸡表演，与印度王子一起抽水烟，并与印度富人做交易。
But for many of the British who came to India, there would be no home, just a cenotaph, their presence immortalised only in stone.
但很多来到印度的英国人并没有在此安居乐业，只留下一方纪念碑，只有石碑铭记着他们曾经来过。
Acres in central Calcutta are still occupied by Park Street Cemetery.
加尔各答市中心的大块土地至今仍为公园路公墓。
In the early days, one in three wouldn't make it through the first monsoon.
在殖民早期，有三分之一的欧洲人熬不过到达印度之后的第一个雨季。
In all, it's said over two million Europeans are buried in India.
据说共有超过两百万欧洲移民客死他乡。
And the imperial size of their graveyard monuments says something about a wish to be remembered, to leave an imposing mark on the subcontinent.
如此壮观的墓碑群体现着殖民者想被铭记，想在这块次大陆上留下烙印的愿望。
But neither translations of Hindu epics nor Mughal-sized tombstones persuaded everyone that the British really were Indianising themselves.
然而英国人虽然翻译了印度史诗，也留下了巨大的墓碑，但是人们始终难以相信英国人真的想融入印度社会与文化。
Many still saw them as conquerors to be resisted to the death.
很多人仍视其为侵略者，认为应该誓死抵抗。
They were rulers like Tippu Sultan, who built up his southern Indian state of Mysore into a dynamic Moslem power.
比如像蒂普·苏丹这样的印度领袖，他将印度南部城市迈索尔建设为穆斯林的新兴力量。
For 20 years, he bitterly and effectively opposed British rule, bloodying their armies and fighting their soldiers to a standstill.
他与英国统治者进行了20年艰苦卓绝而卓有成效的斗争，与英军血战到底，令英军的铁骑止步于此。
But it couldn't last. Tippu Sultan, the tiger, would learn that a new kind of British governor-general had arrived at the end of the 18th century,
然而好景不长。绰号为老虎的蒂普·苏丹将会发现，在十八世纪末派遣而来的总督改变了殖民政策，
contemptuous of Warren Hastings' tendency to go native, and resolved to squash the least sign of local insurrection.
新任总督对黑斯廷斯的入乡随俗不屑一顾，并打算完全消灭当地人的反抗活动。
The most uncompromising of all was Richard Wellesley, the older brother of the future Duke of Wellington.
其中最强硬的一位便是理查德·韦尔斯利，他是未来的威灵顿公爵的哥哥。
Yet again, France provided the impetus for action.
而法国再一次成为这场战役的导火索。
