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The journey to the guillotine and a world war would start with the dreams of a philosopher. But not any old philosopher.
这条通向断头台和世界大战的道路，起点却是一位哲学家的梦想。一位非凡的哲学家。
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who was buried here at Ermenonville, just outside Paris, reshaped the mental habits of an entire generation, turning them from creatures of thought to creatures of feeling.
在紧邻巴黎市的阿蒙农维拉市，让·雅克·卢梭长眠于此，重新塑造了整整一代人的思维习惯，使他们由倡导理性变为倡导情感。
Before Rousseau, the highest compliment you could pay anybody was to say they were reasonable.
在卢梭之前，对一个人的最高赞美是说这个人很理智。
After Rousseau, the compliment became, "Il a de l'ame" -- he has soul.
而在卢梭之后，这个赞美变成了，“他有灵魂。”
And the British couldn't get enough of it.
英国人对他甚是推崇。
In the spring of 1766, Rousseau, on the run from enemies, real and imagined, pitched up in Staffordshire.
1766年的春季，为了逃避现实生活中的和臆想中的迫害，卢梭搬去了斯塔福德郡居住。
Richard Davenport moved out of his country house in the village of Wooton, so that the great man could have a comfortable asylum in which to commune with nature to his heart's content.
理查德·达文波特因此迁出了在伍顿村的乡间宅第，为这位伟人提供了舒适的庇护所，使他能隐居其中随心所欲与自然交流。
Rousseau could have been forgiven for expecting a warm welcome.
卢梭受到如此热烈的欢迎也并不为过。
His two most famous books, "Emile", a manual on natural education -- no books before twelve, thinly disguised as a novel --
他最出名的两本书，《爱弥儿》，这本"自然教育"手册，提倡12岁前不应读书，稍加掩饰写成了小说，
and -- the weepier the age -- "The New Heloise", featuring forbidden love between tutor and pupil, were smash hits among the sobbing and sighing classes.
还有越老越催泪的《新爱洛漪丝》，描写了家庭教师与学生间的禁忌之爱，在长吁短叹的贵族阶级中红极一时。
At a distance, Rousseau may have been popular. But close up, he was a paranoid.
远观起来，卢梭可能很受欢迎。但近看，他却是个疑神疑鬼的偏执狂。
And in Derbyshire, he became convinced the servants were putting cinders in his soup.
在德比郡，他固执地认为仆人在他汤里掺矿渣。
In 1768, after more imagined slights, he left England. But his ideas stayed and put down deep roots among the book-crazy gentry.
1768年，经历更多臆想后，卢梭离开了英国。但他的观念却留了下来并扎根于爱书如命的绅士们脑海之中。
Men like Brooke Boothby, one of his Derbyshire neighbours who had himself painted by the local genius Joseph Wright as a man of feeling, in tune with the rhythms of nature.
比如他在德比郡的一个邻居，布鲁克·布思比，就令当地的天才画家约瑟夫·赖特把他画作一位与大自然和谐一致而富有情感的人。
What appealed to men and women of feeling in the English provinces was Rousseau's belief that urbanity, the graces of city life,
对英国上下崇尚情感主义的男女们别具吸引力的是，卢梭认为，优雅而文质彬彬的都市生活，
were symptoms of everything that was rotten about the old world, the cosmetic mask behind which lurked the poxy disfigurement of a deceitful, vicious, terminally-diseased culture.
正是旧社会腐朽的糟粕所在，是遮盖病态畸形的面具，掩饰了一个虚伪阴险、病入膏肓的社会。
The antidote was to scrub away the mask and restore grown men and women to their true nature, the simplicity of a child.
而要治愈这病态的社会，就得揭去这层面具，让成年男女回归自然本性，找回孩童时的纯真无邪。
Childhood was where Rousseau's revolution began. If it was to be properly preserved, the true nature of children had to be nourished, literally, from the breast.
卢梭的教育改革正是由童年开始。要想完好地保护孩童的天性，就必须由哺乳期开始，对其加以滋养呵护。
Since babies took their moral as well as their physical sustenance from their mother's milk, it had better be their own mother's milk.
婴儿不仅要从母乳中汲取养分，孩子的德育教育也要靠母亲的言传身教，所以最好母乳喂养。
Professional wet nurses might contaminate them with vice and disease. So the virtuous, wholesomely patriotic life began at the nursing nipple.
雇佣职业乳母则可能导致孩子道德败坏或是沾染疾病。所以良好的品德和积极向上的生活就由哺乳开始。
