In Bahasa Melayu, "Mee" means noodles, and "Goreng" means "fried", so this dish is simply "fried noodles". It is actually the Malay version of a chinese dish.
Strictly speaking, it should be spelt "Mi Goreng", but this spelling is far more common in Malaysia. By local standards, this is a mildly spicy dish (although most westerners would find it "very hot"), however you can ask for there to be less spice. Mee Goreng is made from thin egg noodles, cabbage, garlic, tiny prawns (shrimp), tofu, sambal and sliced chilli. A very cheap, filling dish, it is a must to know for backpackers who can handle a bit of spice.
Mee Goreng, or what our old uncles and aunts would called Kelinga Mee is a Indian Muslim fried noodle dish.