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4.Alexander Pushkin
4．亚历山大·普希金
Alexander Pushkin was notoriously irascible and sensitive about his honor. It's amazing that he even reached the ripe old age of 37, for in his short life, he was involved in at least 29 duels, the last of which saw him killed. He dueled over slights about his verse, insults directed at his friends, women he was courting, arguments at the dinner table, comments about his appalling manners, and even over the weather.
普希金是出了名的脾气暴躁，对自己的荣誉特别敏感。他能活到37岁简直就是奇迹。他短暂的一生中至少参与了29次决斗，他正是死于最后一次。只要有人轻视了他的诗句，侮辱了他的朋友或他追求的女人，在饭桌上与他争吵，指点了他可怕的举止，甚至是谈论天气意见不和都会收到他的决斗挑战。
In 1822, he fought an army officer after accusing him of cheating at cards. Pushkin calmly stood eating cherries while his opponent took aim, but the man failed to land his target. In a final act of insouciant contempt, Pushkin refused to return fire, an indication that he thought his opponent not even worth the powder and shot. He was a curious mix of volatile testosterone and crippling insecurity.
1822年， 他指责一名军官在打牌时耍诈而和他打了一架。对方拔枪的时候普希金还在悠闲地吃着樱桃，好在没有打中。普希金不屑还击，他漫不经心的态度表明他觉得对手并不值得他动手。他绝对是个暴躁的危险分子。
Pushkin spent his youth in St. Petersburg drinking, gambling, and womanizing while nominally working for the Foreign Ministry. He wrote verses and joined an anti-Czarist organization, for which he was exiled to Odessa in 1820, where he continued to court other men's wives and cause trouble. He was exiled again to his parents' estates for atheism before being freed by the Czar in 1826. Pushkin remained under surveillance by the secret police until he died.
普希金在圣彼得堡度过他的青年时代，名义上是在外交部工作，实际上整天就是酗酒，赌博，玩女人。他写诗，还加入了反沙皇组织，因此1820年被流放到敖德萨，在那他不断追求有夫之妇，四处惹是生非。他在1826年被沙皇释放之前又因为无神论被剥夺了父母遗产的继承权。普希金余生在密探的监视中生活，直到去世。
Pushkin was frequently in debt despite coming from an aristocratic family. One of his ancestors had been an Ethiopian who entered the Imperial service in Russia. Pushkin cultivated a wild, Byronic image and is remembered as the great poet of Russian Romanticism. It may not come as a surprise that his great verse-novel, Eugene Onegin, is structured around a duel and a love triangle.
尽管出身于贵族家庭，普希金常常负债累累。他的一位前辈是曾经为俄罗斯皇家服务的埃塞俄比亚人。普希金是狂野的拜伦式英雄也是俄罗斯浪漫主义伟大诗人。看看他的人生，也难怪他伟大的诗歌小说《尤金·奥涅金》是围绕着决斗和三角恋的故事展开的。
His marriage to 17-year-old Natalya Goncharova proved to be his undoing. The Czar fancied her for himself and humiliated Pushkin by giving him the lowest court position possible to keep him and his wife at court. Other suitors followed, including the French emigre Baron D'Anthes, who married the sister of Natalya just to continue his courtship of her. Pushkin, driven mad by rumors that he was a cuckold, demanded a duel with D'Anthes. In deep snow, Pushkin was killed by the Frenchman's shot.
他与17岁娜塔莉亚·察洛娃的婚姻导致了他的毁灭。因为沙皇自己爱上了这个女孩，为了报复普希金，给他安排了宫廷里最低的职位来羞辱他。随后娜塔莉亚其他的追求者也接踵而来，包括法国男爵德·安特斯，他娶了娜塔莉亚的妹妹实际上是为了和娜塔莉亚再续前缘。普希金被自己戴了绿帽子的传言折磨得要疯了，于是他要求与德·安特斯决斗。在厚厚的积雪中，他死在了这个法国人的枪下。
