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Symptoms of acid reflux range from heartburn to difficulty swallowing - or there can be no symptoms at all. It can be painful, uncomfortable and inconvenient to the sufferer.
胃酸回流的症状包括胃灼热和难以吞咽--或者一点症状都没有。对于深受胃酸回流折磨的人来说，过程十分痛苦、不适，同时还会带来不便。
What are the causes?
胃酸回流是由什么引起的？
When you swallow food, it travels down the oesophagus, and passes through a ring of muscle called the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS), into the stomach. The job of the LOS is to control what gets in to the stomach, and to prevent the stomach contents from getting back out again. However, the LOS is a muscle, and like other muscles, its tone can vary. Acid reflux occurs when the LOS becomes abnormally relaxed, and allows the backward flow of the stomach contents back into the oesophagus.
当你吞咽食物时，食物会沿着食道通过被称为下食道括约肌的肌肉环到达胃部。下食道括约肌的职责就是控制进入胃部的食物，同时防止胃部的食物再次出来。然而，下食道括约肌是一种肌肉，并且和其它肌肉一样，其状态也会发生变化。当下食道括约肌异常松弛时，胃酸回流就会发生，允许胃部食物回流到食道中。
A number of factors can affect the tone and functioning of the LOS - from being overweight to smoking or taking medication. Certain foods and drinks can also exacerbate aid reflux, although there is still a fair bit of controversy in the medical community over which foods can cause or worsen reflux symptoms - largely because this seems to vary significantly between individuals.
很多因素都能影响下食道括约肌的状态和功能--包括体重过重、抽烟和服用药物等。尽管有些食物和饮品也会加剧胃酸回流，但医学界对哪些食物能引起或加剧回流症状还有一些争议--主要是因为个体之间的差异很大。
The following foods have all been linked with acid reflux, but further research is needed. However, that's not to say sufferers won't find benefits from reducing or avoiding some, or all, of these foods.
下列食物都与胃酸回流有关，但还需要进一步研究。然而，这并不是说患者不会从减少或避免吃这些食物中受益。
1. High fat foods
1. 高脂食物
Fat slows down the emptying of the stomach, so there is more opportunity for a full, distended stomach, which increases pressure on the LOS. This may boost your risk of reflux symptoms.
脂肪会减缓胃部的排空速度 ，因此胃部更有可能变大，下食道括约肌的压力会随之增加，从而增加出现胃酸回流症状的风险。
2. Spicy foods
2．辛辣食物
Whilst some individuals find that spice aggravates their symptoms, the evidence for this is mixed. Individuals should be mindful of their own spice tolerance.
虽然有些人觉得辛辣使得他们的症状恶化，但关于这一点的证据各不相同。因此，人们应该注意自己的辛辣承受度。
3. Citrus
3. 柑橘
Such as a glass of orange juice, or lots of lemon juice squeezed over food. While citrus juice probably doesn't cause acid reflux, some individuals find that it can make their heartburn and other symptoms temporarily worse.
比如一杯橙汁或挤在食物中的柠檬汁。虽然柑橘汁也许不会造成胃酸回流，但有些人发现它会暂时恶化他们的胃灼热和其它症状。
4. Garlic and onions
4. 大蒜和洋葱
Onions can be one of the worst offenders for individuals suffering from severe reflux. Garlic can too, but not as commonly. However, the combination of onion and garlic together can often be problematic.
对于深受胃酸回流的患者来说，洋葱是最有危害的食物之一。大蒜也是，但不如洋葱严重。然而，大蒜和洋葱一起吃往往会导致问题的产生。
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