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At your next company happy hour, you may want to consider ordering your mixed drinks "neat," or at room temperature-without ice. Business Insider recently asked more than two dozen bartenders to "weigh in on what they'd love to tell customers but can't." Their response: Think twice about ice because it may be unclean.
下次公司聚会的时候，你可能得考虑点一杯"不加水的"混合饮料或常温混合饮料了--也就是不加冰。最近，Business Insider杂志请20多位调酒师"权衡那些他们想对顾客说却又不能说的话。"他们的回答：加冰的时候请再三考虑，因为冰块可能不干净。
Of course, this is just anecdotal advice from a handful of mixologists. While some bars and restaurants may not rigorously clean their ice machines, others may do so. Here's what you should keep in mind: Yes, in some cases ice has been found to be contaminated:
当然，这只是少数调酒师的零星建议。虽然有些酒吧和餐厅可能不会严格的清洗制冰机，但其它酒吧或许会认真清洗。你应该记住这一点：是的，有些情况下，冰块是不干净的。
Some studies and news stories over the past decade lend credibility to these bartenders' warning about ice machines. In 2014, HuffPost spoke to two experts on ice and ice machine contamination. Three main issues were discussed in the piece: mold, bacteria, and whatever is found on peoples' hands.
过去十年，有些研究和新闻报道使调酒师对于制冰机的警告变得可信。2014年，《赫芬顿邮报》采访了两位专家关于冰块和制冰机污染的问题。主要谈论了三个问题：霉、细菌和人们手上的脏东西。
These contaminants can come from a variety of places. Mold can build up in ice machines-especially if they're not cleaned or are turned off for a period of time.
这些脏东西可能来自各种地方。霉菌会堆积在制冰机中--尤其是没洗或有段时间没用的制冰机。
And despite the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 and EPA standards for clean water, water can become contaminated with bacteria while being frozen and stored from ice making machines or from contact with other contaminated food.
虽然1974年颁布了《安全饮用水法案》、美国环境保护局也对纯净水设定了要求，但当水被冷冻、存储在制冰机中或与其他被污染的食物接触时，就会被细菌污染。
A 2011 study by researchers at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas examined the prevalence of bacteria in ice and soda dispensed at Las Vegas restaurants. The study found that 33.3% of ice samples contained heterotrophic bacteria-higher than EPA standards. (The soda samples fared far worse in both categories.)
拉斯维加斯内华达大学的研究员于2011年开展的一项研究调查了拉斯维加斯各餐厅中冰块和苏打的细菌普遍程度。研究发现：33.3%的冰样含有异养菌--高于环境保护局的要求。（苏打样品在两类测试中的表现更差。）
And of course, there's human negligence. Bartenders who work while sick, don't wash their hands before scooping ice, and use their hands to touch ice can contaminate ice from their hands. (Norovirus can be spread this way.)
当然，还存在人为疏忽。带病工作的酒保舀冰时不会洗手，若冰块被手碰到，则会受到污染。（诺洛病毒会通过这种方式传播。）
"Most people don't realize that not washing their hands could cause death," Debra Huffman, a microbiologist at the University of South Florida, explained to NBC News in 2006.
"大多数人没有这样的意识：不洗手可能会造成死亡，"南弗罗里达大学的微生物学家黛布拉·赫夫曼于2006年对NBC新闻解释道。
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