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mississippi
n.密西西比州
The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.
随着蒸汽船数量的不断增多，舰船设计的不断改良，特别是密西西比和俄亥俄河也变得越来越重要。
investigation
n.调查; 研究
investigators-investigator
n.调查者, 研究者
investigate
v.调查, 研究
This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation
我们将其称之为“历史考古学”，它在美国指的是
into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
欧洲抵达美洲时的美洲考古研究。
inner
adj.内部的
innermost
adj.内心的, 最深处的
Using the combined action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks open and discards the woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.
通过喙和舌头共同作用，飞禽将外壳敲碎，去除木质果壳，将有营养的核心吞下。
initial
adj.开始的；最初的
The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point
电影院的播放技术从最初的西洋镜形式演变为将影像投影到幽暗的影院屏幕，
where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.
这一转变使得电影院大众化消费成为可能。
grazing-graze
v.放牧
overgrazing
adj.过度放牧
Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role,
一些科学家还提出，随着海拔的上升，紫外线强度也会不断增加，
while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor.
而野生山羊等动物的放养也可能对植物生长产生不利影响。
giant
adj.庞大的
A galaxy is giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field.
银河系有数百万行星，通过独有的引力场来相互作用。
generated-generate
v.产生, 导致
It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
通过侧重研究，希望将不完整，不完美的分类学错误降到最低。
derived-derive
v.得自; 起源
The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality,
从剧本里获得的动力，还有(在演唱的情况下的)音乐，与表演者的技巧、
and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
个性和引起共鸣的能力相结合，将决定艺术、政治或者教学等交际活动的成功与否。
Dakota
n.达科他州
In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas.
理论上讲，全美所有用电均可以通过三大州的风能提供，分别是北达科他州、南达科他州以及德州。
critical
adj.批评的, 危险的
criticize
v.批评；评价
criticism
n.批评
In Texas, a great deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because it is there that the most critical situation exists.
在德州，人们将重点放在了基因工程上，这是因为那的情况最为严重。
creatures-creature
n.人；生物
For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished.
数千万年以来，这些生物曾繁衍生息。
consumed-consume
v.消耗；消灭；消费
consumption
n.消费；消耗
consumer
n.消费者
The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth,
这种爆炸会产生大量硝酸和融化的岩石，并裸露在地表，
starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland.
引发大面积火灾，大片森林和丛林被烧毁。
coarse
adj.粗糙的
Extensive falls of volcanic ash and coarser particles overwhelm and bury all forms of life, from flying insects to great trees.
大量石灰岩和粗糙颗粒将这里覆盖，不管是飞虫还是丛林，都未能幸免。
classical
adj.古典的
The subject of a sculpture should be derived from classical stories.
雕塑主题应该来源于古典故事。
barbed-barb
n.倒钩v.装倒钩
Barbed wire, first patented in the United States in 1867, played an important part in the development of American farming,
铁丝网在美国农业发展史上扮演了重要角色，1867年它率先在美国申请专利，
as it enabled the settlers to make effective fencing to enclose their land and keep cattle away from their crops.
殖民者可以用铁丝网架起围栏，保护农田，让牲畜远离农田。
Atlantic
adj.大西洋的
The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.
随着美洲和非欧版块向相反方向移动，大西洋就此形成。
apart
adv.分别地
Demonstrations of infants' and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier,
婴幼儿长期记忆的形成，还会涉及到他们之前早期看到的或者自身经历的活动的重复，
such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll's mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy.
比如：到黑暗的环境里取东西，把瓶子塞到了洋娃娃的嘴里，或者将玩具撕成两半等。
