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Using points and examples from the talk, describe two changes that occurred after machines began to be used for manufacturing goods.
请用材料中的观点和例子描述机器被用于制造商品之后带来的两个变化。
Listen to a part of a lecture from a history class.
请听历史课上的部分内容。
The professor is talking about the Industrial Revolution.
教授正在讲关于工业革命的内容。
Back in the18th century, in a time known as the Industrial Revolution,
在18世纪，一个被称为工业革命的时期，
some countries, well, England in particular, started using new technology,
一些国家，尤其是英国开始使用新技术，
like steam-powered machines to produce goods.
比如蒸汽机来生产商品。
And the use of these machines brought about some significant changes.
这些机器的运用带来了一些重要的变化。
Let's go over two main changes that occurred.
我们回顾一下发生的两个主要变化。
One change was that the center of production moved from homes to factories.
第一个变化是生产中心从家庭转移到了工厂。
Um, let's take fabric, or cloth, as an example.
就以织物，或者布料为例吧。
Historically, for a very long time, people had made cloth by hand in their homes,
在历史上很长一段时间，人们都是在家里用双手来生产布料，
earning a little money from their home-based cloth production.
他们通过这种家庭作坊式的布料生产，赚得的钱很少很少。
But then these new steam-powered machines for weaving cloth were invented and placed in factories,
但是接着这些新的用于织布的蒸汽机就发明出来了并进入了工厂，
and these machines could weave cloth much more quickly and efficiently.
这些机器能够更快更高效地织布。
So there wasn't any reason to keep making cloth slowly in homes when it could be made faster on factory machines.
所以既然在工厂通过机器能够更快地织布，就没有必要继续在家庭作坊里慢吞吞地织布了。
Thus the majority of cloth productions shifted from home-based businesses to factory production.
于是大部分布料生产就从家庭作坊转向了工厂。
Another result of the new technology is that cities started forming around factories,
这项新技术的另一个结果就是城市开始在工厂周围形成，
like let's say there was a cloth factory that was built in a certain small village.
假设有一家布料工厂建在某个小村庄里。
Now, of course, the factory needed workers to operate the machines used in cloth production.
那么，这家工厂当然需要工人来操作这些用于布料生产的机器。
So the factory would hire a lot of rural workers who would then move from the countryside to the village.
工厂会雇佣很多农村工人，这些工人接着就会从乡下搬到这个小村庄来。
So instead of being spread out all over the countryside,
这些工人没有四处散居在乡下，
the workers started to congregate in the village with the factory.
而是开始聚集在建有工厂的这个村庄。
As a result, the village got bigger and bigger and eventually grew into a city.
结果，这个村庄变得越来越大，最终变成了一座城市。
