词汇精解：

1. courtesy N.

Exp. courteous behaviour; good manners 礼貌;；客气

Eg. They didn't even have the courtesy to apologize.

他们也不道个歉, 真没有礼貌。

Eg. It would only have been common courtesy to say thank you.

说声谢谢不过是普通的礼貌。

2. skinny adj.

Exp. very thin, especially in a way that you find unpleasant or ugly

皮包骨头的；很瘦的

Eg. He looks much too skinny to be a weight-lifter.

他瘦骨嶙峋的，当不了举重运动员。

Eg. You're skinny enough without going on a diet!

你不必节食就已经够瘦的了！

3. effective adj.

Exp. coming into use 生效的

Eg. The new speed limit on this road becomes effective from 1 June.

这条路上新的限速规定自6月1日生效。

Eg. The law is no longer effective.

该法令已失效。

4. tell vi.

Exp. to know, see or judge sth correctly

知道，看出，判断

Eg. As far as I can tell, she's enjoying the course.

依据我判断，她喜欢这门课程。

Eg. I could tell that he was angry from his expression.

从他的表情，我看得出他生气了。

Eg. The only way to tell if you like something is by trying it.

要判断是否喜欢一样东西，唯一的方式就是试一试。

5. chop-chop

Exp. hurry up 快，赶快

Eg. Chop-chop! We haven't got all day!

快点，我们的时间不多。

短语精解：

1. show up

精解：动词show是“出现”的意思，与副词up连用成为一个固定短语，意思是“来到，露面”。此外，它还有“揭露，揭示”的意思。

例句：We are going to freak out if you do not show up.

你不来我们就要发疯了。

Uncle George did not show up for our wedding because he forgot.

我们的婚礼乔治叔叔没有来，因为他忘了。

I intend to show up this liar.

我打算揭发这个说谎者。

Difficulties can show up a person's best qualities.

困难能使一个人的一些最好的品质显现出来。

2. take something seriously

精解：动词take是“对待”的意思，副词seriously是“认真地，严肃地”的意思。因此take something seriously的意思就是“认真对待某事”。其反义词是take something slightly。

例句：They take their responsibilities seriously.

他们认真对待自己的职责。

Don't take her suggestions too seriously ; she is just flying her kite.

别过分认真地对待她的建议,她不过是在试探一下反应而已。

3. cut short

精解：cut的基本意思是“砍断”，short是形容词，意思“少的”，cut short的意思就是“缩减，简化”。使用这个短语时，我们把something放在cut的后面也可以，放在short的后面也可以，注意代词就只能放在cut的后面。此外，cut short还有“中断”的意思。

例句：She cut short her talk in order to get home.

为了要回家，她把谈话压缩了。

Her salary was cut short by her boss without any excuse.

她的工资无端被老板克扣。

4. first of all

精解：这个是一个副词性短语，意思是“首先”。

例句：First of all I must take these magazines to the teacher.

首先我得把这些杂志交给教师。

I want first of all to introduce myself to you.

首先我要向大家作自我介绍。

5. start from

精解：start是“开始”的意思，介词from是从......的意思，start from意思就是“从......开始”。

例句：In discussing a problem, we should start from reality and not from definitions.

我们讨论问题应当从实际出发，不是从定义出发。

And anybody who wants to have an impact on society must start from himself or herself.

任何人要想影响社会，必须从自己开始。

6. take away from

精解：这个是一个及物动词短语，意思是“把......拿走”，通常在take的后面接something，介词from的后面接somebody。

例句：Don’t take the child from me.

不要把孩子从我身边带走。

You could take the dictionary away from me if you need it.

若有需要的时，你可以拿我的词典用。

7. go back to

精解：go是“去”的意思，back是“回来”的意思，to表示对象，go back to的意思就是“回到......”。台词中是go back to Betty是指“昆虫这一提议又恢复给Betty做。

8. come up with

精解：这是一个固定短语，在本段台词中是“想出，提议，提出”的意思，此外，它还有“赶上”的意思。

例句：He could not come up with a proper answer.

他想不出一个合适的回答。

He has by chance come up with to the answering of that problem.

他偶然想出了对那个问题的解答。

I came up with them as they were rounding the corner.

他们正在拐弯时，我赶上了他们。

9. do some legwork

精解：短语中的legwork是“跑腿的工作，外勤工作”，在本段台词中可以理解为“事情决定前夕的调查工作”，do some legwork意思就是“做一些调查工作”“做跑腿的事情”。

例句：Who did the legwork to put this deal together?

谁东奔西走地把这笔交易组织起来的？

10. do’s and don't

精解：这个短语非常有趣，do’s是表示“可以做的事情”，don’t是表示“不能做的事情”，两者合一的意思就是“什么该做什么不该做”“什么可做什么不可做”。

例句：Please observe the do's and don't of public hygiene.

请遵守公共卫生应行注意的事项。

11. figure out

精解：动词figure是“领会到”的意思，副词out有“出来”的意思，那么figure out就是“理解，明白，清楚”的意思。

例句：I can't figure out why she got into such a state of inflammation.

我弄不懂她为什么会如此激动。

It took her a long time to figure out who the wrongdoer was.

她用了很长时间才琢磨出谁是做坏事的人。

12. look forward to

精解：短语中的look是“看”的意思，forward是“向前”的意思，to是介词表示对象，那么look forward to放在一起，就是“期盼，盼望”的意思，注意to是介词，后面接动词的话，要使用动名词形式。

例句：I look forward to paying you a visit next week.

我期待着下星期去拜访你。

We look forward to your return on an early day.

我们盼望你早日归队。