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LESSON 96 INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
第九十六课 发明与发现
To comprehend more fully the force and bearing of public opinion, and to form a just estimate of the changes to which, aided by the press,
为了更全面地理解当众发表意见需要具备的感染力和举止风度，对时局的变化做出正确的估计，为此要借助于媒体，
it will probably lead, politically and socially, it will be necessary to consider it in connection with the causes that have given it an influence so great as to entitle it to be regarded as a new political element.
而媒体也许在政治和社会层面上加以引导，因此有必要考虑到媒体与对它产生很大影响的起因之间存在关联，可以将其视为新的政治因素。
They will, upon investigation, be found in the many discoveries and inventions made in the last few centuries.
通过调查，我们在最近几个世纪的许多发现和发明中可以看出端倪。
All these have led to important results.
所有这些发现和发明已经产生重要成果。
Through the invention of the mariner’s compass, the globe has been circumnavigated and explored;
通过航海，罗盘的发明，人们能够环游地球，并进行探索。
and all who inhabit it, with but few exceptions, are brought within the sphere of an all-pervading commerce, which is daily diffusing over its surface the light and blessings of civilization.
而地球上的所有居民几乎无一例外都被纳入到一个无所不在的商业圈里，而每日在地球表面扩散的是光明和文明的赐福。
Through that of the art of printing, the fruits of observation and reflection, of discoveries and inventions, with all the accumulated stores of previously acquired knowledge, are preserved and widely diffused.
通过印刷术，观察和思考以及发现和发明的成果，连同所有先前累积起来的知识，都得以保存下来并得到广泛传播。
The application of gunpowder to the art of war has forever settled the long conflict for ascendency between civilization and barbarism,
在战争中火药的应用使文明和野蛮之间展开的争夺优势地位的长期冲突一劳永逸地得以解决。
in favor of the former, and thereby guaranteed that, whatever knowledge is now accumulated, or may hereafter be added, shall never again be lost.
文明得以昌盛，因此确保了现在任何知识都能得以积累，或许以后还会日益增加，这些文明成果绝对不会再次毁于一旦。
