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Research has determined that Saccharine appears to be non genotoxic or a non DNA reactive chemical.
研究表明，糖精不会对基因造成损害，同时与DNA也不会发生反应
This means it has not been shown to damage or mutate DNA.
这意味着，并无证据显示它能损害DNA
Saccharine is not metabolized and is not made into electrofile.
或造成DNA突变，糖精不能新陈代谢也不能进行电解，
So it is it unable to bind to DNA.
因此它无法与DNA发生反应，
One publicized research study shows that
一项公开的研究表明
saccharine induces bladder cancer in male rats who eat a diet high in saccharine.
摄入含有大量糖精的食物的公鼠可能会患上膀胱癌
This was also found in a study looking at offspring of rats fed saccharine.
在另一项关于喂食糖精的小鼠幼仔的实验中发现了类似的结果，
Although the rats used in these tests were prone to bladder parasites
尽管试验中所用的小鼠本来就易罹患肾癌
and the mechanism saccharine induces saccharine induces cancer in rats does not apply to humans.
同时糖精在小鼠体内诱发癌症的机制并不适用于人体
Also this study on rats has not been replicated by any other researchers.
而也并没有任何其他研究者再来验证过这项研究，
Other studies have looked at other animals such as monkeys mice hamsters and guinea pigs.
另外一些研究曾以其他动物为实验对象，如猴子仓鼠和豚鼠
Overall the association between bladder cancer and saccharine has not been reproduced.
但是膀胱癌和糖精摄入之间的关系依旧不甚明了
One study analyses the effects of saccharine consumption from birth to death in monkey.
一项研究分析了糖精在猴子的一生中所产生的作用
Monkeys are one of the best animal models to use
猴子是最好的动物实验标本之一
because they are more similar to humans than some other animal models.
因为它们与其他一些动物相比与人类最为相似
The researchers emphasized the relationship between saccharine and bladder cancer.
研究人员着重研究了糖精和膀胱癌之间的关系
The 20 treatment monkeys received 25 mg of saccharine per day from 24 hours after birth to their death.
实验中的20只猴子从出生到死亡，每天都要摄入25毫克的糖精
The dose used was 5 to 10 times the dose that is recommended to humans.
这一摄入量是人类建议摄入量的5-10倍，
Depending on the size of the monkey.
根据猴子身体的大小进行计算
60 monkeys made up the control group to compare to the treatment group.
60只猴子组成控制组与实验组进行对比
The urine from both groups was analyzed for various chemicals that are sometimes evidence of bladder cancer.
两组的尿液都会被拿来检验，看其中是否含有作为膀胱癌标志的化学元素，
After the death of each monkey their bladders were analyzed.
在每只猴子死后它们的膀胱都要被拿出检测
At the end of the study in 1995
1995年实验结束的时候，
there was no evidence of abnormal cell growth in the urethulum.
没有证据表明泌尿系统中并无异常细胞
This includes various parts of the bladder,
其中包括膀胱的不同部分
including renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
有肾盂，输尿管，膀胱和尿道
No monkeys in the control group showed signs of bladder cancer.
控制组中的猴子全部没有发现膀胱癌的迹象
Both control and treatment monkeys showed the same changes in their bladder throughout the study.
控制组和实验组的猴子在实验的全部过程中，都表现出的同样的膀胱改变，
Measurements from the urine samples showed no difference between the treatment and control group.
尿液样本检查也表明两组之间并无差异
The pH, protein, calcium and phosphate levels in urine were analyzed
研究人员分析了尿液中的酸碱值，蛋白质和碳酸盐水平，
because altered levels are sometimes associated with bladder cancer.
因为这些值的改变有可能与膀胱癌息息相关
There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups in each of these measurements.
就每个数值而言两组之间都没有显著的差异
In conclusion this study supports the claim that saccharine is without carcinogenic or DNA damaging effects,
总而言之，这项研究表明糖精不会致癌，也不会造成DNA损伤，
and would not increase the risk of cancer.
并且不会增加罹患癌症的几率
