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And in one of our studies for example
例如在我们的一项研究中
we showed that 10-year-old black boys
我们发现10岁的黑人男孩
were 5 times more likely to go to bed after 11 p.m.
晚上11点以后睡觉的比例
than white girl10-year-old white girls
是10岁白人女孩的5倍
Now we heard about some of the links
我们在之前的报告中听过这样的说法
between short sleep and obesity in earlier talks
即短期睡眠和肥胖症之间存在联系
but again, I'd like to emphasize
但我现在还要强调
that this data is very very consistent in childhood
这一数据也是用于儿童
In fact, if you compare the meta-analysis
实际上 如果你将成人的元分析数据
that is done in the adult populations versus children
和孩子的元分析数据进行比较
in general there are stronger and more consistent associations
一般来说 儿童群体中
in pediatric populations
睡眠和肥胖的联系显得更紧密和一致
such that overall, the overall odds is almost 2 fold of
比如我使用了很多项不同研究的数据
I'm using a variety of studies, of a child being obese
孩子如果没有得到充分的睡眠
based on them getting insufficient amounts of sleep
那么他们患肥胖症的几率(是正常孩子的)2倍
And that's usually defined in the age specific threshold
这个结论以每个年龄段
of how much sleep someone needs
所需要的最低睡眠时间为研究依据
Now, I'd like to review a few articles
接下来 我想回顾一下几篇论文
that really hammer in that point a bit more
这些论文都对这个问题进行了研究
These are some of my favorites for different reasons
我推崇这几篇文章是出于不同的考虑
Here is this one study from the United Kingdom
首先是英国开展的一项研究
of almost 8000 children
该研究对近8000名儿童进行了研究
who were followed, really they were enrolled in pregnancy
跟踪调查可以追溯到他们还在母亲肚子里的时候
and followed through age 7
一直到他们7岁时为止
when there was actually an overall prevalence of obesity
7岁时儿童肥胖的比例达到最高
lower than we see of 8.5%
低于我们看到的8.5%
These are the typical risk factors
这里列出了一些典型的风险因素
that I think many of you are familiar with for obesity
我觉得你们对这些造成肥胖的因素都很熟悉
Birth weight, maternal smoking
出生时体重 母亲妊娠期吸烟
parental obesity, a very strong again genetic risk factor
父母肥胖 这是一个非常重要的遗传因素
TV watching, that sedentary behavior
看电视 也就是一种静态活动
