动名词是什么?
动词ing形式的一种,由动词演变而来,兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的功能
作主语:动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语。
Reading is an art.
读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun.
爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。
作宾语:
(1)作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise建议,allow允许,permit,avoid避免,consider考虑,enjoy欣赏,finish完成,give up放弃,cannot help不能自已,imagine想象,include包含,keep保持,keep on继续,mind介意,put off推迟,delay,practice练习,resist抵抗,depend on依靠,think about思考,set about着手做,succeed in成功做,worry about担心,insist on坚持,can't stand无法忍受做……事,be used to习惯于,get used to习惯于,look forward to期待,pay attention to专注于,get down to认真做……等。如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking.
他们继续走,说个不停。
(2)作介词的宾语
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?
我们休息呢还是开始干活?
(3)作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once.
这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.
我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
作表语:
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows.
你的任务就是擦窗户。
What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
作定语:
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
a walking stick=a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
there be 句型
there + 不定式 to be 或there + being形式,称为非限定存在句,可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。
作主语
There being a railway station in the town is a great advantage.
镇上有个火车站,真方便呀!
注意:“there to be+NP” 作主语时,通常用for作引导词。
For there to be a mistake in a computer's arithmetic is impossible.
计算机计算错误是不可能的。
It was seldom for there to be no late comers.
新来者很少没有迟到的。