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More to the point, the Boyars actively despised the Grand Princes autocratic rule and centralized government.
更重要的一点是，波雅尔相当鄙视大公的专制统治和中央集权政府
Seen in this light, Ivan the Third's marriage to a Byzantine princess
由此看来，伊凡三世和拜占庭公主的婚姻
and his adoption of Byzantine court rituals seems like an exercise in self preservation.
以及他采取拜占庭法庭的仪式，就好像是在自我保护
The Boyars wanted more of a voice in the state and sometimes they got it as when Ivan the Terrible was a pup.
波雅尔想要在国家中获得更大的权力，当伊凡雷帝还在幼年时他们确实得到了
But they didn't keep it for long.
不过他们并没有保持很久
The Oprichnina was primarily designed to terrify the Boyars into submission, and it worked.
沙皇禁苑Oprichnina最初用来恐吓波雅尔臣服，这的确有效
3, Rule of law and the class system.
三，法律条文和等级系统
In Russia, the law seems to have been used as something to keep the various classes in their places.
在俄罗斯，法律可能是一种能够让不同的阶级各司其职工具
Most notably it became harder and harder to serfs to relocate from one master to another.
最显著的便是奴隶很难易主
Due to the climate, Russian farmland was neither abundant nor fertile.
由于气候影响，俄国的农田既不高产，也不肥沃
And it didn't really produce enough to let peasants live comfortably.
没有充足的产量让农民舒适地生活
Ivan the Terrible was the first to send explorers into Siberia, but the mass settlement of Siberia such as it ever was, was pretty long off.
伊凡雷帝是第一个派出探险家造访西伯利亚的，但西伯利亚人的大规模安置还要很长时间
Agrieved peasants could always escape south to join the Kazaks on the fertile steppe land of what is now Ukraine,
贫苦的农民总是向南逃跑到哈萨克肥沃的草原，也就是现在的乌克兰
the Kazaks lived in freedom under an elected head man.
在一个选出来的首领的领导下，哈萨克人自由地生活
They combined a love of farming with a love of fighting, sort of an agricultural version of America's Wild Wild West.
他们把对农业的爱与对战争的爱结合起来，这有点像美国蛮荒西部的农业版
