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If Russia let herself fall too far behind,
如果俄国落后太多
the Polls and the Swedes and the Germans could very well come back, perhaps for good!
波兰人，瑞典人和德国人可能很快就卷土重来，可能就永远不走了
In segment 18b: Rise of the Romanovs,
章节18b：罗曼诺夫王朝的崛起
the Zemsky Sobor elects the reluctant Mikhail Romanov, 16 year old son of the patriarch Filaret to serve as tsar Mikhail the First.
全俄罗斯缙绅会议推选大牧首菲拉列特的16岁儿子米哈伊尔·罗曼诺夫作为沙皇米哈伊尔一世
The dynasty Mikhail founded rule Russia for more than three centuries.
米哈伊尔建立的王朝统治俄罗斯超过3个世纪
The patriarch Filaret did most of the thinking during his son Mikhail's reign
在儿子的统治期间主要是大牧首菲拉列特在出谋划策
reinforcing the close connection between the Orthodox Church and the Russia state.
不断巩固天主教与俄罗斯帝国之间的紧密联系
Mikhail son, Alexseev, 1645 to 1676, faced political challenges,
米哈伊尔的儿子，阿列克谢依夫，在1645到1676年间，遇到了很多政治难题
such as renewal of the war with Sweden, renewal of the war with Poland, internal uprisings,
比如重燃与瑞典的战火，重燃与波兰的战火，内部暴动
and the patriarch Nikon's reformation of the Russia Orthodox Church.
还有大牧首尼康的俄罗斯东正教改革
Nikon felt that Russian Orthodoxy had to be somehow purified, if Russia were to claim Byzantium role as successor to the Roman Empire.
尼康认为，如果俄罗斯想要赢得拜占庭的角色，作为罗马帝国的继承者，那么就必须净化东正教
Even though he had Alexseev's support, Nikon's reform cost a lasting split in Russian culture.
虽然他有阿克列谢伊夫的支持，尼康的改革却造成了俄罗斯文化的持久分裂
Segment 18c: Peter the Great
章节18c：彼得大帝
examines the career of Russia's most remarkable leader, tsar Peter the Great, 1682 to 1725.
在这一章里我们认识到俄罗斯最伟大的领袖——沙皇彼得大帝，1682到1725年在位
