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Don’t mess with a monkey. Because if you do, he’s might take revenge—on your family and friends. That’s according to a study of Japanese macaques, which shows that monkeys keep track of each’s others’ associates and make use of that intel when it comes time for payback. The findings are in the Royal Society journal Open Science. [Barbara Tiddi et al., Acquisition and functional consequences of social knowledge in macaques]
Researchers were interested in the question of how primates suss out social relationships, knowledge that can come in handy for maneuvering within a complex society. To assess how the macaques obtain and make use of such social know-how, the researchers decided to focus on episodes of aggression—a common feature of simian interactions.
They went through more than 500 hours of video recordings showing the exchanges that took place in a group of 57 macaques living in the Rome Zoo—monkeys whose genealogical relationships are well known. And they parsed some 15,000 episodes of aggression, noting the relationships among the individuals involved.
First, they confirmed that monkeys that find themselves at the receiving end of aggression tend to turn around and take it out on a third party. And that retaliation is often directed at a relative of the original aggressor.
But how do the monkeys determine who’s kin? Well, one way would be that they’ve been around long enough to have watched each other grow up. But that doesn’t seem to be the case. When researchers looked specifically at conflicts involving older monkeys, it didn’t seem that relatives were singled out for revenge.
What does seem to be true is that victims will target their attacker’s associates—the other monkeys he hangs around with. If they’re not his relatives, they’re probably his cronies. So, close enough.
Interestingly, there’s a benefit to hitting family members when you’re meting out justice. Macaques that sought out the kin of the monkeys they wanted to settle a score with were less likely to be picked on again in the future. Whereas wailing on the friends appeared to offer only present satisfaction, but no such future protection.
Which suggests if you’re gonna beat on someone for payback, it should at least be a monkey’s uncle.
【视频讲解】
Don’t mess with a monkey. Because if you do, he’s might take revenge—on your family and friends.
别惹猴子！如果你手欠惹猴子了，他会报复你家人和朋友
mess with
干涉
例：You are messing with people's religion and they don't like that.
你正在干涉人们的宗教信仰，他们不喜欢你这样做。
Revenge
报复
例：The paper accused her of trying to revenge herself on her former lover.
这家报纸指责她企图报复她以前的情人。
That’s according to a study of Japanese macaques, which shows that monkeys keep track of each’s others’ associates and make use of that intel when it comes time for payback.
对于日本猕猴的研究表明，猴子们会彼此互联联系，共享利用情报，并且找时间来报复！
The findings are in the Royal Society journal Open Science.
此研究发表在《开放科学皇家学术期刊》
Macaque 猕猴
keep track of
1. 保持联系
2. 记录
We use a spreadsheet to keep track of the requirements.
我们使用电子数据表来保持对需求的跟踪。
Intel 情报
Payback 自食 (好或坏) 结果之时(= 中文，报应！)
例：This was payback time. I've proved once and for all I can become champion.
这是回报之时。我已经一劳永逸地证明我能成为冠军。
Researchers were interested in the question of how primates suss out social relationships, knowledge that can come in handy for maneuvering within a complex society.
研究人员非常感兴趣于灵长类动物是如何理顺的社会关系，这种知识在如此复杂的社会总会有用的。
suss out 弄清楚
If you give us some time to suss out more completely what we’re facing, we’d love to have your support.
请给我们一点时间，更彻底地弄清楚我们正要面对的是什么问题，我们很乐于得到你们的支持。
come in handy 迟早有用
The Web Developer Tool will also come in handy on this website.
这个网站的网站开发工具迟早也会派上用场。
To assess how the macaques obtain and make use of such social know-how, the researchers decided to focus on episodes of aggression—a common feature of simian interactions.
为评价猕猴如何获得并且能运用这种技能，研究人员决定研究各种侵犯事件——猴子间互相联系的特点
know-how 专门知识; 技能
例：He hasn't got the know-how to run a farm.
他没有经营一个农场的专门知识。
Episode 事件; 经历
例：This episode is bound to be a deep embarrassment for Washington.
这一事件必然使华盛顿大为尴尬。
Simian 猴子
They went through more than 500 hours of video recordings showing the exchanges that took place in a group of 57 macaques living in the Rome Zoo—monkeys whose genealogical relationships are well known.
研究人员检查了超过500小时的视频，这个视频显示生活在罗马动物园中57只猴子（这些猴子的谱系关系也十分清楚）生活沟通的情况
go through
检查
例：It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions.
显然有人翻过我的物品。
Genealogical
宗谱的；系谱的；家系的
And they parsed some 15,000 episodes of aggression, noting the relationships among the individuals involved.
研究员继而分析15000侵犯事件后，注意猴子个体之间的关系也涉及其中
Parse
1. 做语法分析
2. 解析
You then pass these methods (in the form of a handler) to the parser, along with a document to be parsed.
然后您将这些方法（以 处理程序的形式）以及要解析的文档一起传递给解析器。
First, they confirmed that monkeys that find themselves at the receiving end of aggression tend to turn around and take it out on a third party.
首先，他们确认，猴子们受到了侵犯后，马上不高兴，将愤怒发泄到第三方
And that retaliation is often directed at a relative of the original aggressor.
报复首先打击在初始侵犯者关系更近的人
take it out on 把自己的愤怒发泄在一些物件或他人身上
Don't take it out on me.
不要把怨气发泄在我身上。
Turn around 转向反方向
例：Bud turned the truck around, and started back for Dalton Pond.
巴德把卡车调了个头，开始返回道尔顿池塘。
retaliation 报复；反击；回敬
But how do the monkeys determine who’s kin? Well, one way would be that they’ve been around long enough to have watched each other grow up.
但是，问题是猴子怎么知道亲戚呢？嗯，一种方法可能是，他们聚在一起很长时间，已经彼此见证各自长大。
Kin 亲戚
Whether the angels have fed him, or his kin beneath, I cannot tell; but he has not eaten a meal with us for nearly a week.
是天使养活他，还是地狱里他的亲戚养活他，我也说不上来；可是他有近一个星期没跟我们一起吃饭了。
But that doesn’t seem to be the case. When researchers looked specifically at conflicts involving older monkeys, it didn’t seem that relatives were singled out for revenge.
但是似乎并不是这样的。当研究人员具体观察老猴子之间的冲突，似乎亲戚并没有被选为报复的对象
be the case 情况属实
If this be the case, he deserves you.
当真这样，他的确配得上你。
single out 挑出；挑选
例：The gunman had singled Debilly out and waited for him.
枪手单单挑出德比利，并等着他出现。
What does seem to be true is that victims will target their attacker’s associates—the other monkeys he hangs around with.
那么可能的真实情况是受害者的目标是袭击者的同伴——也就是和袭击者一起玩的猴子
If they’re not his relatives, they’re probably his cronies. So, close enough.
如果不是他们的亲戚，也是袭击者的狐朋狗友。对！就那么近！
hang around with
（和某人）厮混；（在某处）闲荡
Perhaps you should hang around with economists more.
或许你应该多和经济学家打打交道。
Crony
狐朋狗友
例：...lunchtime drinking sessions with his business cronies.
…同他那伙生意上的狐朋狗友们在午间进行的饮酒聚会。
Interestingly, there’s a benefit to hitting family members when you’re meting out justice. Macaques that sought out the kin of the monkeys they wanted to settle a score with were less likely to be picked on again in the future.
有趣地是，当惩处后，对于打击家庭成员是有利。猕猴选出报复的对象之后，未来不太会成为再次报复对象
mete out
对…施以 (处罚)
例：His father meted out punishment with a slipper.
他父亲用一只拖鞋来进行处罚。
settle a score
报复
You should avoid Patrick; he says he has a score to settle with you.
你应该避开帕特里克，他说过他有理由要对你进行报复。
Whereas wailing on the friends appeared to offer only present satisfaction, but no such future protection.
对朋友哀嚎只能获得现有的赔偿，但没有未来的保护
Which suggests if you’re gonna beat on someone for payback, it should at least be a monkey’s uncle.
这也表明，假如打算你报复对于另一个人，至少有点惊讶！(这是从研究回到人类)
Wailing 哀号
例：The women began to wail in mourning.
女人们开始大放悲声。
satisfaction 赔偿; 补偿
例：If you can't get any satisfaction, complain to the park owner.
如果你得不到任何赔偿，就向公园的所有者投诉。
I’ll be a monkey’s uncle! 惊讶！
例:
A: I just won $500,000 in the lottery!
B: Well, I'll be a monkey's uncle!
n. 保护，防卫
