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Summer in Tokyo with temperatures topping 35 degrees Celsius, clear skies and humidity peaking above 80%.
夏季的东京气温达到35摄氏度，天空晴朗，湿度达到80%以上。
Conditions that pose a big danger at next year's Olympic Games says George Havenith, an expert on the effects of temperature and climate on athletes.
乔治·哈文尼兹认为这种情况对明年的奥运会形成了巨大威胁，他在温度和气候对运动员影响方面很有研究。
When it gets warmer, of course the skin gets warmer and doesn't lose that much heat to the environment and the sweat evaporation then is the main factor for cooling.
当温度上升，当然皮肤就会升温，无法将大量温度排到外部，汗液蒸发是降低温度的主要因素。
Now if we also push up the humidity as it would happen in Tokyo, that means that that sweat evaporation gets even more difficult.
但如果在东京奥运会上，湿度也增加了，这就意味着汗液蒸发遇到了更大的麻烦。
So it gets more and more difficult to lose the heat. Heat stroke is a big danger, especially for endurance events.
所以降低温度将变得更加困难。中暑是最大危险，特别是耐力运动。
About 15 percent of athletes even in a cool environment have body temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius.
大约15%的运动员甚至在凉爽环境中的体温也达到了40多度。
Now if you push the temperature higher and the cooling gets more of an issue, we get more and more athletes in that whole
如果温度增高，降温成为更大难题，那么有更多的运动员
cohort going into these temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius, bringing them closer and closer to the level where we can expect an exertional heat stroke.
体温将达到40度以上，他们会更加逼近我们预计的劳累性中暑水平。
Tokyo hosted several test events in recent weeks, including a mixed triathlon relay and a swimming marathon,
东京近几周举办了多场测试比赛，包括男女混合铁人三项接力，和游泳马拉松
among the endurance sports seen as posing some of the biggest dangers to athletes.
这些耐力运动对运动员的威胁是最大的。
The sunlight was strong and the water temperature was high. When I joined the race, I worried I might suffer from heat stroke.
太阳光很强，水温很高，当我参加比赛时，我担心我会中暑。
Games organizers have shifted the start times of several endurance events to begin early in the morning and say they are taking other measures to mitigate against the heat.
比赛组织者改变了一些耐力运动的比赛时间，早晨举行，称他们还采取了其它措施来减轻高温影响。
Such as increasing water-supply points and cooling areas. I also hear they are deploying medical staff every 500 meters of the marathon course.
比如增加水补给站以及凉爽地区，我还听说马拉松比赛每500米就会设有医生。
Havenith says additional measures may be needed.
哈文尼兹称或许要需要其它措施。
Having ice baths available for the athletes to cool them down quickly if they have an exertional heat stroke is the advised method.
用冰浴来让运动员马上冷却，如果他们遭遇了劳累性中暑，这是一种建议方法。
The last time Tokyo hosted the Olympics in 1964, the Games were moved to October to avoid the summer heat.
东京最后一次举办奥运会是1964年，当时比赛改到了10月份来躲避高温。
With a packed sports calendar and demands from global broadcasters, that's no longer possible.
比赛时间安排很满，还有全球直播的要求，改变日期已不再可能。
Scientists say it's vital athletes acclimatize themselves well in advance of the start of the Games in July 2020.
科学家称运动员要在明年7月份比赛开始之前自我适应是很重要的。
Henry Ridgwell for VOA news, Tokyo
亨利·里奇维尔，VOA新闻东京报道
