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Hi everybody, welcome to engvid.com. I'm adam.
大家好，欢迎来到engvid.com。我是亚当。
In today's video, i'm gonna talk to you about the IELTS reading section
今天的视频，我们要讨论的是雅思阅读板块，
and very specifically, we're gonna look at one question type that I think most people have the most trouble with.
尤其要大家最难掌握的一种题型。
The question type is when you have to give a yes/no/not given, or true/false/not given, based on questions or statements and the reading passage, okay?
这种题型就是“是/否/未知”（yes/no/not given），或者“正确/错误/未知”（true/false/not given）这种让你根据问题或陈述以及阅读材料做出判断的题。
So what I have here is a sample paragraph, okay?
我在这边给大家举了个例子。
We're gonna look at a...the whole passage is about the aurora borealis.
我们要分析的……这整段话都是关于极光的。
Now for those of you who might not know what that is,
如果你不知道什么是极光，
If you've heard about northern Canada, in the north of Canada, you can go in the light in the, sorry, in the sky at night.
那不知你是否听说过加拿大北部，在加拿大北部，在夜晚的灯光下，抱歉，口误，在夜晚的天空下，
You can see all kinds of different colored lights all over the sky, it's actually very beautiful, very interesting, natural phenomenon.
我们能看到天空中有各种各样五颜六色的光，那是一种非常漂亮，非常有趣的自然现象。
And that's called the aurora borealis.
这种现象就是极光。
There's another aurora in the south, but that's a different story altogether.
南半球也有极光，但那又是另一回事了。
Now, if I'm speaking a little bit fast, that's because, again, this is for the IELTS.
如果你觉得我现在语速有点快，还是那句话，都是为了雅思考试。
Those of you taking the IELTS.
因为参加雅思考试的同学，
You need to practice your listening skills as well.
除了阅读，你们也需要训练你们的听力技巧不是嘛。
So, I’ll speak a little bit faster than normal.
所以，我会稍微加快我的语速。
Now, the main problem that people have with this type of question with yes/ no/not given, true/ false/not given is that they don't exactly know where to look,
言归正传，大家做这种yes/ no/not given或true/ false/not given的题的时候，最大的问题在于，一方面不知道去哪里找答案，
and they spend way too much time looking for the answer to the not given section.
另一方面，在not given的题上浪费了太多的时间。
So, there's a few things you need to understand.
总而言之，有几个点是大家需要掌握的。
First of all, you have to find the general area where the answers should be in the reading passage.
首先，你要找到问题对应的材料的大致区域。
And then you very carefully have to read the sentence in the question part and the sentences in the actual reading.
接着，你需要非常仔细地阅读问题和材料中对应的部分。
They will never match them exactly, okay?
但它们绝对不会完全对等的，记住了吗？
They might actually try to trick you by using some of the same words from the passage in the question, but if it's too similar, don't trust it.
考官可能会从文段中照搬一些词到问题里来迷惑你，但如果两者相似度太高，请不要当真！
What they will generally do is paraphrase, okay?
考官们常见的做法是转述，大家记好了吗？
That's where, that's where they're testing your understanding of vocabulary, that's where they're testing your understanding of grammar as well, okay?
这也是他们考察你对词汇的理解，考察你对语法的理解的地方，记住了吗？
So, paraphrasing is a very important skill.
总而言之，转述是一项非常重要的备考技能。
So, when you paraphrase, you're taking a sentence and you're expressing it in a different way, but you're keeping the same meaning.
因为你在转述的时候，你要把那个句子掰开揉碎，再用另一种方式表达出来，还要保证意思不变。
So, that's what they're testing.
这才是他们想考察你的地方。
Can you look at the question sentence?
考察你是否能看懂问题，
And can you understand that, well, the way it's basically expressed in the passage is the same?
是否能理解问题和文段中的意思是基本一致，
Or are they different?
还是不一致？
Or do they seem kind of similar but there's something missing, so the answer is actually not given.
还是看似相近，但又缺了点什么，也就是说答案是not given的。
So I'm gonna read to you, this is just one paragraph from this passage, okay?
下面，我就给大家读一遍，我们就只讲材料中的这一小段，好吗？
Obviously, there was something before, there will be something after.
显然，这一段的前面和后面都有内容。
But it doesn't matter.
但这不重要。
We can look at the one paragraph, and be able to look at the questions and try to understand them, okay?
我们就看这一段，然后看问题，试着去理解它，好吗？
So, first I’ll read it for you.
我先给大家念一遍。
Although the earth is constantly hit with all manner of particles and rays,
尽管地球不断受到各种粒子和射线的撞击，
it's magnetic shield deflects most of them away from the planet surface.
地球的磁盾却能将大部分来势汹汹的粒子和射线都从地球表面屏蔽掉。
Particles discharged from the sun also interact with this shield,
太阳释放的粒子也会与这一保护罩发生作用，
where they combine with atoms and molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and other elements.
同氧、氮和其他元素的原子和分子结合在一起。
These combinations result in light emissions of varying colors,
这些结合就会产生各种颜色的光线，
most commonly observed as pink, green, violet, blue, and occasionally orange and white.
最常观察到的有粉红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色，偶尔还有橙色和白色。
Orange and white,
橙色和白色，
Yellow and green lights.
黄光和绿光。
Sorry, I missed that so.
抱歉，我写漏了。
Yellow and green lights are a common reaction to interactions of these particles with oxygen.
黄光和绿光是这些粒子与氧气发生作用后产生的一种比较常见的现象。
So, there's the information.
这就是我们的文段材料。
Now, I can't really fit the questions on the board, so I'm going to read them out to you.
问题我黑板上实在写不下了，所以我就直接念给大家听吧。
Then you'll see them coming soon enough.
但你们很快就能看到了。
Number one, you'll generally get three to five of these.
第一个问题，这类题型通常会出现3--5次。
So, I'm just going to do three.
今天我们先讲3个例子。
I'm gonna do one true, one false, one not given.
一个true，一个false，一个not given。
Obviously, once you know the first two, you'll know the third one, but that's okay.
显然，知道了前两个例子的答案，最后一个的答案你也就知道了，不过没关系。
First, people on earth are not at risk since particles emitted by the sun never reach them. Okay?
第一题，地球上的人没有危险，因为太阳发射的粒子永远不会到达他们身边。
Again, people are on earth are not at risk since particles emitted by the sun never reach them.
重复一遍，地球上的人没有危险，因为太阳发射的粒子绝对不会到达他们身边。
True or false?
正确还是错误呢？
Well, one thing you always have to pay attention to in these expressions is extreme words.
首先，需要大家经常留意的一个词眼就是表绝对的词。
The extreme word here is the word never, okay? Never.
这句话中表绝对的词是“绝对不会”，看到了吗？绝对不会。
So, people on earth are not at risk, okay?
地球上的人没有危险。
Are we looking at anything on Earth?
我们是要找跟“地球”有关的句子吗？
Are we looking at any…do we see anything about people?
还是要找……有看到跟人有关的句子吗？
Well, people on earth, they're generally on the surface, so we're basically around here we're looking for the information.
地球上的人，他们通常都是在地球的表面上，所以我们要锁定的差不多是这里，这就是我们要找的信息。
Since particles emitted by the sun.
因为是太阳发射的粒子。
Emitted, discharged, synonyms, by the sun, from the sun, never reach them.
发射，释放的同义词，由太阳发射的，从太阳发射出来的，绝对不会到达他们身边。
Okay, so particles discharged, okay?
也就是说，释放的粒子。
So, here, we have, we looked at the surface, particles and rays, its magnetic shield deflects most of them from the planet's surface.
这里，我们看到了表面这个词，还有粒子和射线，地球的磁盾却能将大部分来势汹汹的粒子和射线都从地球表面屏蔽掉。
Now, what is most of mean?
大部分是什么意思？
Does it mean all? No. It doesn't.
是所有的意思吗？不，不是。
So, that means that some particles and rays do get through to the surface,
这就意味着有一些粒子，射线是能够穿透（磁盾）到达地表的，
which means that some people are sometimes at risk, so the problem here is the word never.
换句话说，有时候，有一些人还是有危险的，所以，这道题问题就出在了“绝对不会”这个词上。
So, right away, you know that this question is, or the statement is actually false.
现在，你立刻就知道这道题，或者这个表述是错误的了。
And you'll notice that they changed a lot of the words to make sure that you understand the same meaning.
你会发现，他们换掉了很多词，就是想看你是否知道它们表达的其实是同一个意思。
Okay, that's one.
这是第一题。
Next one, orange aurora lights are not caused by interactions with oxygen, but rather with nitrogen.
第二题，橙色的极光不是与氧气作用的结果，而是与氮气作用的结果。
So, this one should be pretty easy to find more or less.
这道题应该多多少少要比前面一道好定位一些。
Here we have orange, that's what we're talking about, okay?
橙色一词在这里，我们要找的就是这句话好吗?
So, let's read the whole sentence.
现在，我们把整句话读一遍。
These combinations result in light emissions of varying colors,
这些结合就会产生各种颜色的光线，
most commonly observe as pink, green, violet, blue and occasionally orange and white.
最常观察到的有粉红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色，偶尔还有橙色和白色。
Yellow and green are a common reaction to interactions of these particles with oxygen.
黄光和绿光是这些粒子与氧气发生作用后产生的一种比较常见的现象。
So, you're thinking, okay, yellow and green is oxygen,
你就会想，噢，黄色和绿色是与氧气结合的结果，
so, orange must be with nitrogen, because that's the other element we here, somewhere.
那橙色一定是和氮气了，因为氮气就是这里提到的另一种元素。
Okay, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements.
这里，氧气，氮气和其他元素。
Now, does it say that orange comes from the interactions with nitrogen?
那么问题来了，这是不是就是说橙色来自与氮气的相互作用呢？
It doesn't say that, right.
并没这么说，对吧？
First of all, there's nitrogen.
首先，是有氮气的。
Second of all, there are other elements.
其次，还有其他元素。
Orange could be a combination of hydrogen.
橙色可能是和氢气结合的结果。
It could be a combination of helium.
也可能是和氦气结合的结果。
Whatever else is in the air, right.
也可能是空气中的其他任何一种元素，对吧？
So, it doesn't necessarily have to come from nitrogen.
所以，不一定是氮气产生的。
And occasionally orange and white.
偶尔还有橙色和白色。
So orange, and orange is not a very common color anyway.
也就是说，橙色，橙色不是很常见的颜色。
So, if it were common, it would probably be, if it were with oxygen, it might be a bit more common.
因为如果常见，应该是，如果是和氧气结合，就会常见一些。
But it's a little bit more rare, it's more occasional.
但它是比较罕见的，比较偶然的。
So, it probably interacts with some other element that we don't know about.
所以，可能是与其他一些我们不知道的元素相互作用产生的现象。
Because that element is not, there isn't as much of this element in there, in the in the sky, in the atmosphere.
因为这种元素不是很，因为在天空中，在大气中这种元素的含量并不是很高。
So, this question, but, sorry, before I go on, it doesn't mean that it's not nitrogen.
所以，这道题，抱歉，我们再插一句，这也并不能说明它就不是与氮气结合的结果。
We don't know.
我们不知道。
It could be from the nitrogen, it could be from other elements.
可能跟氮有关，也可能跟其他元素有关。
We don't have any sentence that tells you what colors come from the interaction with nitrogen.
这里并没有哪个句子告诉我们与氮相互作用会产生什么颜色（的极光）。
So, this answer is not given.
所以，这道题的答案是未知。
It's sometimes and quite often, they will make this, the sentence in the question appear like something that's in the passage.
他们有时候，准确地说是经常都会把这种题出得跟文段中的某一句非常像。
They're trying to trick you.
他们是想骗你呢。
Don't be tricked.
大家可别上当。
If you don't very clearly see the connection, or the answer, the fact of what's in the passage and what's in the thing,
如果你理不太清其中的关系，或者不太明白答案，明白文段中说了什么，问题里又说了什么，
then don't, don't be afraid to say not given.
也不要，不要害怕填未知。
Some of the answers will be not given.
有些题的答案就是未知。
You just have to find the right ones.
你要做的就是找到它们。
Now, of course, the last one is going to be true.
最后一道题的答案显然是正确了。
Because I told you there's one of each.
因为我跟你们说过了我每个答案都会出一道题。
So, the magnetic shield that protects the earth does so by often turning aside the things that hit it.
看题。磁保护罩保护地球的方式通常是将投射到地球的东西移开。
Okay, the magnetic shield that protects the earth does so by often turning aside the things that hit it.
磁保护罩保护地球的方式通常是将投射到地球的东西移开。
That hit it, like particles, rays, etc.
投射到地球上的物质，比如粒子、射线。
So, again, we're talking about the magnetic shield.
也就是说，这里我们讨论的还是磁盾。
It protects the earth, okay?
它保护了地球。
So, the magnetic shield deflects, deflect, turn aside.
磁盾使偏转，使偏转，就是使转向旁边。
So, here's the particle, boom, boom, that's a deflection.
打个比方，这是粒子，砰，砰，这就是偏转。
Turning aside.
转到旁边。
The same idea.
意思是一样的。
So, it's a synonym.
也就是说，它们是同义词。
Protects the earth by turning away, okay?
通过使物质发生偏转保护地球。
Magnetic shield deflects most of them.
磁罩会使它们中的大部分都发生偏转。
What are them?
它们是什么？
Particles and rays and all the other things that are hitting it.
粒子，射线以及其他所有投射到地球上的东西。
So, this one is true, it's just a very direct paraphrase, okay?
所以说，这个表述是正确的，是非常直接的转述，大家明白了吗？
So, that's the key here.
这就是解决这道题的关键。
This is the key to this type of question.
也是解决这类题型的关键。
Make sure that the paraphrase matches what's in the passage.
一个是确保转述文字的意思与文段内容的意思相符。
Look for extreme words to make sure you're not, sometimes it's just one word that makes the whole sentence not true.
留意那些表示绝对的字眼，确保你不被它……有时候，影响整句话的正确性的就是一个词而已。
And remember, the more, the more number of similar words you see in the question, that are the same as the passage,
记住，问题里与文段中相同的用词越多，
the more you should distrust this sentence and think false, or not given.
你越不要相信它，而越要认为它是错误的，或者未知的。
And again, not given, the key to not given is to know where to look to begin with.
强调一遍，未知这种题型，解答这类题的关键是要知道从哪里开始寻找答案。
And then to not be afraid.
然后就是不要害怕。
Now, if you're looking, looking, looking, looking for the answer and it's not there, it's not there.
如果你找啊找啊找啊找，可就是没找着答案，那就是没有答案。
Don't continue to look.
你也别继续找了！
This is how people waste a lot of time on the reading section and then have problems at the end of their hour.
这就是大家浪费大量的时间在阅读部分，最后考试结束时题还没做完的原因。
Because they spent so much time looking for an answer that isn't there, okay?
因为他们花了太多时间找一个根本不存在的答案，记住了吗？
So, that's the key.
这才是问题的症结所在。
So, I hope this was a bit helpful.
最后，希望今天的内容对大家能有一点帮助。
I’ll give you some more examples in the quiz at engvid.com.
我会在engvid.com的测验中给大家举更多的例子。
Don't be afraid to go there and try this out. Okay?
别害怕，请大家勇敢地去那边答题。好吗？
If you want more help with IELTS, especially writing section, visit my site writetotop.com or my youtube channel writetotop.
如果你需要更多有关雅思的帮助，特别是写作方面的帮助，请访问我的网站writetotop.com或我的YouTube频道writtotop。
I do lots of stuff.
我研究的范围比较杂。
I specialize in the writing section of the IELTS.
但我专攻的是雅思的写作部分。
So please come visit.
所以欢迎大家访问。
If you like this video, please give me a like.
如果你喜欢这个视频，请给我点赞。
Don't forget to subscribe to my youtube channel and come again and I'll give you more IELTS tips, TOEFL tips, vocab, grammar etc.
别忘了订阅我的YouTube频道，下次继续看我的视频，我会给大家分享更多的雅思备考技巧，托福备考技巧，还有词汇，语法方面的知识等。
See you again soon, byebye.
那我们就下次再见啦，拜。
