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Hello, I'm Gill at www.engvid.com, and today we're looking at a lesson to help you talk about percentages, okay?
大家好，我是www.engvid.com的吉尔，今天这节课是教大家如何讨论百分比的。
The idea of the percentage, numbers out of 100, okay, percent, something - 10 percent, that sort of thing, okay.
百分比这一概念表示的是一个数是另一个数的百分之几，比如，10%这种。
So, this is to do with statistics and figures.
也就是说，这个概念是与统计数字有关的。
You might find it useful if you're taking the IELTS exam or any other exam
如果你正在参加雅思考试或其他考试——无论什么考试，
where they give you some figures and some percentages and you have to write something about them in one of the tests, okay?
考官给了你一些数字，一些百分比，让你就这些数据写一篇作文，你就会发现会讨论百分比就很有用，好吗？
You might be using figures and percentages in your work or in a course that you're studying,
又或者，你的工作或者你正在学习的某门课程正好用到了数字和百分比，
so it's useful to be able to talk about the percentages in English, okay?
这时候，具备用英语讨论百分比的能力也会很有用。了解了吗？
So, you might see the figures in a table, in a chart, some kind of graphic form,
你看到的数字可能是以一个表格，一张图标，或某种图形的形式出现的，
you might have a map of the world or a map of a country with percentages set out on it,
也可能是一张世界地图或一个国家的地图，上面标有百分比，
there could be some colour coding to do with - connected with the way the percentages are being displayed, anything like that, okay.
又或者是一些按照某种百分比数据输出颜色的彩色编码，诸如此类的情况。
So, let's have a look at some of the language that is used with the numbers and with the percentages to explain how you talk about the figures.
好的，现在我们来看几个用到了数字和百分比的例子，给大家解释一下怎么讨论数字。
So, this - it's often that percentage is used to show that there has been an increase in something.
这个例子……百分比通常是用来描述某个东西出现了增长，或者类似这样的情况。
So, there has been an increase of 25% in something,
某个东西出现了25%的增长，
like an increase of 25% in the sale of cars, something like that, so sales figures, it can be useful for that.
比如，汽车销量出现了25%的增长，这种销售数据什么的，这时候用百分比来描述就很有用。
An increase of 25%, or you could say "Sales are increasing by 25%",
你可以说出现了25%的增长，也可以说“销售额增长了25%”，
or rising...the sales are rising, or whatever it is is rising
或上升……销售额上升了25%……又或者是其他任何数据上升了，
or climbing, or there is an upward trend, a sort of -
爬升了……出现了上行趋势……
in the direction of more and more of something being sold, or more and more people watching a television program,
销量在往越来越多，收视率在往越来越高的方向发展，
or more people watching a video on YouTube, for example, is an upward trend, okay?
又或者YouTube上的观看人数出现了上涨趋势等等等等都可以。
And then, the opposite of that, if the figures go down, there's a decrease of, for example, 10%,
与之相反的是，数字出现了下降，比如下降了10%，
so the sales are decreasing by 10%.
比如销售额下降了10%。
Or, sales are falling, or declining, or there is a downward trend.
也可以说销售额在下跌，在下滑，或者出现了下行的趋势。
We had upward trend here - a downward trend means less and less of something is being sold
上面我们提到了上行趋势，现在说的是下行趋势，下行趋势意思就是卖出去的量越来越少啊，
or there are...the viewing figures are getting lower and lower, something like that, a downward trend,
收视率越来越低啊这之类的，就是下行趋势，
meaning people are losing interest in something, okay?
也就是说人们对某个东西没兴趣了，明白了吗？
You can also talk about the population of a country or a city or the world.
我们也可以用这个表达来谈论一个国家、一座城市或全世界的人口。
So, you can say something like "More than 90% of the population own a television set.", or own a computer, anything like that.
比如，你可以说“超过90%的人口都有电视”，或者都有电脑，这种。
Without the figure, you could also say "A large percentage of the population are...live in rented accommodation.", or something like that,
如果没有具体的数字，你也可以说，比如，“很大一部分人都……在租房子住”啊，
a large percentage of the population live in rented accommodation.
很大一部分人都在租房住。
Or, "A small percentage of the population own a property", something like that, okay?
又或者，“只有一小部分人有房”，好吧？
And then you can talk about the percentage of people who own a car, has increased,
你也可以说有车一族所占的百分比增加了，
so we're back to increase or has decreased, the percentage of people who...and then you go on to fill in the details of what it is.
又说回上升的用法了，你也可以说下降，做某事的人的百分比……把细节填充进去就好了。
Okay, so that's just a summary of the kind of vocabulary you use with percentages,
好的，以上就是对讨论百分比时常用的一些词汇的总结，
and we're going to go on in the next part of the lesson to look at a particular topic and see what some of the percentage figures are for that topic.
接下来，我们讨论一个具体的话题，看这个话题都会用到哪种形式的百分比。
Okay. So, let's have a look at a particular topic and use percentages to illustrate that topic, okay?
好的，下面我们来看一个具体的话题，然后用百分比来阐释这个话题，大家准备好了吗？
So, the topic we've chosen is called "literacy".
我们要讨论的话题叫“读写能力”。
So, if you're not familiar with that word, it means whether someone is able to read and write,
如果你对这个词还不是很熟，它的意思是某人是否具备读书写字的能力，
so I'm sure everyone watching this video can probably read and write to a good standard
我相信，正在观看这个视频的每一位同学都已经具备很高的读写能力了，
because not only do you know your own language, but here you are watching this video, learning another language, English, okay?
因为你不仅掌握了你们自己的语言，还在看这个视频学习另一种语言，学习英语了，我说的没错吧？
So, you are probably...you have no literacy problems.
所以，你应该……已经不存在读写问题了。
So, if someone is literate, it means they can read and write.
也就是说，如果一个人具备读写能力了，那就意味着TA既会读书也会写字了。
If someone is illiterate - the beginning part there, "il", is a negative prefix, we have a lesson on negative prefixes, so look out for that one.
如果一个人不具备读写能力，单词开头的“il”是一个否定前缀，否定前缀我们之前专门抽出一节课讲过了，大家可以去看看。
If someone is illiterate, they have never learned to read and write, okay?
如果一个人不具备读写能力，就是说他们从未接受过读书写字这方面的教育，好吗？
They...I'm sure they can communicate verbally, they can talk and hear and understand people verbally,
他们……我相信他们口头交流是没有问题的，他们也是能听能说，也能理解其他人说的话，
but it's the reading and the writing which is the problem.
只是存在阅读和写作的问题。
So, literacy is what we're looking at now, and applying some percentages to it to see - to try to understand what the situation is.
言归正传，我们现在讨论的是读写能力这个话题，还要用百分比来讨论，然后尝试着去理解这个话题讲的具体是个什么事情。
So, there are lots of figures on the internet for different countries, because different countries have different literacy levels.
网上有很多关于各个国家读写能力普及水平的数据，因为不同国家读写能力的普及水平是不一样的。
Some countries, most people, more than 90% of people, are literate. They can read and write.
有一些国家的大多数人，超过90%的人都具有读写能力，都能够读书写字。
But in some countries, the figure is very low and there are lots and lots of people who can't read or write,
但也有一些国家这方面的数据很低，也就是说那些国家有很多很多人不会读书写字，
So it varies from country to country.
每个国家的情况都不一样。
And there's one organization in particular: UNESCO,
有一些组织，尤其是联合国教科文组织，
which is part of the United Nations - UN - , and it stands for education, science, and culture,
这是隶属于联合国的一个组织，这几个字母代表的分别是教育，科学和文化，
who have collected a lot of figures, statistics,
他们收集了大量的数据，大量的统计数据，
and they have listed all the countries in the world and they have shown what the literacy rates are for those countries.
把世界上所有的国家做成了一个表格，然后统计出了每个国家的读写能力普及水平。
And I just wanted to mention this - this phrase: naming and shaming.
在这里我想插一个词：点名羞辱。
So in this lesson, I'm not doing any "naming and shaming",
在这里，我并不打算对任何国家这样，
that means naming a particular country that has a very bad record for literacy,
对那些普及水平比较低的国家，指出他们的名字，
and then causing them shame, showing how bad they are at not teaching their people to read and write.
告诉大家他们在教育自己的国民读书写字方面做得多么差劲，让他们为此感到羞愧，我并不打算这么做。
Naming and shaming is a very good phrase to use.
点名羞辱是一个很好的短语。
You can hear that it rhymes: naming, shaming, it's a very useful phrase for all sorts of things.
你能听出来它是押了韵的，点名，羞辱，很多场合我们都可以用这个短语。
So, in this lesson, I personally am not naming and shaming any countries,
总而言之，今天这节课，我个人不打算点名羞辱任何国家，
but you can find those countries on the UNESCO website, you can see which ones have a bad record for literacy, okay?
但大家可以上联合国教科文组织的网站自己去看，看看读写能力普及得比较糟糕的是哪些国家，
And the countries also that have a very good record.
在这方面做得比较好的又是哪些国家。
