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Hello. I'm John Russell.
大家好，我是约翰·罗素。
I was recently watching a classic American movie called ‘Cool Hand Luke’.
我最近看了一部经典的美国电影，叫做《铁窗喋血》。
I can't tell the whole story here, but the basic idea is that Cool Hand Luke does prison time and he tries to escape a lot.
我不能在这里讲述整个故事，但故事主要说的是，卢克被判入狱，多次试图逃脱。
His escape attempts reminded me of certain English consonant sounds.
他的逃跑尝试让我想起了某些英语辅音。
They are called nasals.
它们被称为鼻音。
I'll explain.
我来讲解一下。
Most of the consonant sounds we have explored in this series are made by air passing through the mouth.
我们在本系列中所探讨的大多数辅音都是由空气通过口腔发出的。
But there are certain kinds of sounds that involve blocking the air flow from leaving the mouth.
但是有一些特定的发音需要阻止气流离开口腔。
So what does the air do when it is blocked from leaving the mouth?
那么，当空气被阻挡在嘴里时，它会做什么呢？
It escapes through the nose.
气流会从鼻子里出去。
The air is determined to escape.
气流决定要出去。
If it can't get out one way, it will get out another way, much like a prisoner who is determined to escape.
如果它不能从这个方向出去，它就会从另一个方向出去，就像一个囚犯决意要逃走一样。
In American English, we have three nasal consonant sounds-/m/ /n/ /eng/.(注: 此音标写法为便于编辑，规范写法见视频)
在美式英语中，有三个鼻音，分别是：/m/、/n/、/eng/。(注: 此音标写法为便于编辑，规范写法见视频)
/m/ as in man, /n/ as in natural, /eng/ as in escaping.
/m/音比如“man”，/n/音比如“natural”，/eng/音比如escaping。
Those three sounds all involve blocking the air from escaping through the mouth.
这三种声音都需要阻止空气从口中逃出。
But each sound requires a different kind of blocking.
但每个发音都需要不同方式阻断气流。
/m/ involves both lips blocking the air from the mouth.
发/m/音需要两片嘴唇阻挡口中的气流。
/n/ involves the tip of the tongue touching the tooth ridge-the area maybe a centimeter or two behind your top teeth.
发/n/音需要舌尖抵上齿龈，齿龈位于上牙往后一两厘米的位置。
/eng/ involves blocking the air with the back of the tongue.
发/eng/音需要用舌头后部挡住空气。
It touches the area known as the soft palate.
需要接触到软腭区域。
If you ever hear English speakers talk when they have a cold or allergies, you will notice that their nasal sounds /m/ /n/ /eng/ become distorted or unusual.
如果你曾经听到说英语的人在感冒或过敏时说话，你会注意到他们的鼻音发音变得扭曲或不正常。
This is because the air is being blocked at the mouth and it cannot escape from the nose as well as it normally would.
这是因为空气被阻塞在嘴里，不能像正常情况下那样从鼻子里逃出去。
That's all for today.
以上就是今天的全部内容。
Keep up the good work.
继续加油吧。
