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Now at that time, we had already focused a lot of attention on reducing CO2 emissions from shipping.
此前，我们已经花了很多精力减少货运的碳排放。
In fact, we had achieved more than 40 percent reduction per container moved since 2008.
实际上，从2008年以来，我们已经达成了让运输单个集装箱所带来的碳排放减少40%。
That was done by building bigger and more efficient vessels, and by slow steaming, which means sailing the vessel slower so it consumes less fuel.
我们通过建造更大、更高效的集装箱，减速航行，意思是指通过减缓船只航行速度来减少燃料消耗，达到这个结果。
But we were reaching the limit.
但是我们到达极限了。
Obviously, you could sail so slow that you don't sail at all, and you would save all of the CO2 emissions.
显然，你可以减速到根本不航行，这样可以完全不排放二氧化碳。
But that didn't seem like a good solution.
但是听起来这不像是个好方法。
Now some of the first humans who sailed the big oceans, the people from Polynesia, had figured out zero-carbon shipping by using sails, and it is true that sails can reduce the fuel consumption somewhat, but it cannot deliver on the efficiency and accuracy needed in today's global supply chains.
最先在大海上航行的人们，波利尼西亚的人们，发现了用帆达到零碳航行，帆确实可以降低燃料消耗，但是它无法达到如今全球供应链所需的效率和精确性。
Another alternative is batteries.
另一个方法是用电池。
But for the large vessels sailing the big oceans, the batteries would take up 60 percent of the capacity of the vessel.
但是对于在大海上航行的巨型集装箱船，电池会占用船只容量的60%。
Some shipping companies started ordering vessels based on LNG, liquid natural gas.
有些货运公司开始订购液化天然气运行的集装箱船。
LNG is a fossil fuel, and it will never lead to zero-carbon shipping.
液化天然气是化石燃料，永远不可能达成零碳货运。
Slow steaming, sails, batteries, LNG -- none of it would make us be carbon-neutral.
减速航行、帆、电池、液化天然气，以上都不会让我们达到碳中和。
So what else?
所以还有什么呢？
Well, we knew we had to look for other solutions, and we realized we couldn't do it alone.
嗯，我们知道必须要去找别的解决方法，也意识到我们不能独自完成这个任务。
To help us find a solution, our main shareholder, the A.P.Moller Foundation, donated 400 million Danish krone to create a global center for zero-carbon shipping in Copenhagen.
为了找到一个解决方案，我们的大股东，A.P.穆勒基金会（A.P. Moller Foundation）捐赠了4亿丹麦克朗，为了在哥本哈根建立零碳货运的全球中心。
That center would bring together companies and specialists from all over the world, not just from the transportation industry, but also from energy, from chemicals and engineering.
该中心会汇集来自全世界的公司和专家，不仅来自于运输行业，还会来自能源、化学和工程行业。
And now, less than three years after our big dream, we have found the solution.
现在，距离提出我们宏大的梦想不到3年时间，我们已经找到了答案。
It is called "power-to-X."
它叫做“Power-to-X”（电力多元化转换）。
Now power-to-X is not a new technology, nor did we invent it.
Power-to-X不是一项新技术，也不是我们发明的。
It is a combination of known chemical processes to convert green electricity to green fuel.
它是一些能够将清洁电力转换成清洁燃料的化学过程的合集。
First, you convert the green electricity from solar or wind to green hydrogen.
首先，将太阳能或风能产生的清洁电力转换成清洁氢气。
That is done through electrolysis.
由电解技术完成。
And then, the green hydrogen can be converted to various types of green fuels through chemical processes.
然后，清洁氢气通过一些化学反应，被转换成各式清洁燃料。
The benefit of power-to-X is that it produces a green fuel that is liquid at normal temperature and can be used in a combustion engine.
Power-to-X带来的好处有产生一种常温呈液态的清洁燃料，且适用于内燃机。
So instead of spending 20 years to replace all of our 750 vessels and create a big pile of waste, we believe we can retrofit existing vessels by adding a combustion engine designed for green fuel, and with that, achieve zero-carbon shipping much, much earlier.
所以与其花二十年替换我们所有总计750艘集装箱船，同时产生一堆废弃物，我们认为不如翻新现有的船只，安装为清洁燃料设计的内燃机，借此提早很多达到零碳运输。
On top of that, power-to-X is actually a very nice solution for one of the biggest problems in renewable energy systems: the storage problem.
除此之外，Power-to-X其实是一个很好的解决方案，它能解决再生能源系统最大的问题之一：存储问题。
When there's too much wind and sun, you can convert the unused electricity to a liquid green fuel that can be used in many different industries.
有大量风力和太阳能时，可以把闲置的电力转换成液态的清洁燃料，用于许多不同的行业。
So what are the challenges?
所以有些什么挑战呢？
Well, I often hear the same concern when it comes to sustainability.
嗯，谈到“可持续”，我总是听到同样的忧虑：
"Can we afford it?"
“我们负担得起吗？”
And yes, it is true that this green fuel is more expensive than the bunker fuel we use today.
说得没错，清洁燃料确实比我们现在用的船用燃油贵。
In fact, it is two to three times more expensive with current technology.
实际上清洁燃料比现有科技贵2 - 3倍。
Like always, we need to scale these solutions to get the cost down.
我们需要像以往一样，通过扩大这些方案的应用来降低成本。
But even if the green fuel would be two times more expensive than the bunker fuel ...
但是就算清洁燃料比燃油贵两倍，
It should not be a showstopper, come on.
也不该是我们放弃它的借口……
