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Could Dark Chocolate Reduce Your Risk of Diabetes?
黑巧克力能降低患糖尿病的风险吗？
If you’ve long assumed that you must deprive yourself of delicious foods in order to be healthy, a new study published today in The BMJ offers encouraging news: Eating dark chocolate has been associated with a reduced risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
如果你一直认为，为了保持健康，必须剥夺自己吃美味食物的权利，那么今天发表在《英国医学杂志》上的一项新研究提供了令人鼓舞的消息：吃黑巧克力与患2型糖尿病的风险降低有关。
The research did not prove that the chocolate itself was responsible for this health benefit; it could be something else about the people who ate dark chocolate that made them less likely to develop diabetes.
研究没有证明这种健康益处来自巧克力本身，可能是吃黑巧克力的人的其他因素使他们患糖尿病的可能性降低。
And dark chocolate should not be considered a “magic bullet” for preventing diabetes, said Dr. Qi Sun, an associate professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and the lead investigator on the study.
哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院营养与流行病学副教授孙琦（音译）博士是这项研究的主要研究员，他说黑巧克力也不应被视为预防糖尿病的“灵丹妙药”。
But the findings do build on a larger body of research demonstrating links between dark chocolate consumption and reduced risks of certain health conditions like high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.
但这些发现确实建立在大量研究的基础上，这些研究表明黑巧克力的摄入与降低某些健康状况的风险之间存在联系，如高血压、心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗。
The results, Dr. Sun added, suggest that a little dark chocolate can be part of a healthy diet.
孙博士补充说，这些结果表明，少量黑巧克力可以成为健康饮食的一部分。
What did the study find?
这项研究发现了什么？
In the mid-1980s and early 1990s, researchers began studying three groups of predominantly white health professionals.
在20世纪80年代中期和90年代初期，研究人员开始研究三组主要由白人健康专业人士组成的人群。
Every four years, the more than 190,000 participants completed detailed diet questionnaires, which asked how often they consumed chocolate.
每隔四年，超过19万名参与者完成详细的饮食问卷，询问他们食用巧克力的频率。
Beginning in 2006 and 2007, depending on the group, the researchers tweaked the questionnaires to ask how often participants ate dark chocolate and milk chocolate.
从2006年和2007年开始，根据不同的组别，研究人员对问卷进行了调整，询问参与者吃黑巧克力和牛奶巧克力的频率。
They followed the participants’ health for up to 34 years.
他们对参与者的健康状况进行了长达34年的跟踪调查。
During that time, nearly 19,000 participants developed Type 2 diabetes.
在那段时间里，将近19000名参与者患上了2型糖尿病。
After adjusting for other aspects of their lifestyles, such as exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking and the overall healthfulness of their diets, as well as their age and family history of diabetes, the researchers found that people who consumed at least five servings of any type of chocolate per week had a 10 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared with those who rarely or never ate chocolate.
在对他们生活方式的其他方面进行调整后，例如运动、饮酒、吸烟、饮食的整体健康程度，以及他们的年龄和糖尿病家族史，研究人员发现，与很少或从未吃过巧克力的人相比，每周至少食用五份任何类型巧克力的人患2型糖尿病的风险降低了10%。
But when they drilled down into the data from the nearly 112,000 people who provided details on the types of chocolate they consumed, the researchers found an even more striking result:
但是当研究人员深入研究了近11.2万名参与者提供的关于所食用巧克力类型细节的数据时，他们发现了一个更惊人的结果：
Those who consumed at least five servings of dark chocolate per week had a 21 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes than those who consumed dark chocolate less than once per month.
那些每周至少食用五份黑巧克力的人患2型糖尿病的风险比每月食用黑巧克力少于一次的人低21%。
The participants who consumed milk chocolate, this subsequent analysis also revealed, were not protected from Type 2 diabetes.
后续分析也显示，食用牛奶巧克力的参与者并没有降低2型糖尿病的患病风险。
In fact, the researchers noted, they were more likely to gain weight during the study.
事实上，研究人员指出，这些参与者在研究期间更有可能体重增加。
