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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil. And I'm Beth.
大家好。这里是BBC六分钟英语节目。我是Phil，我是Beth。
So, Beth, we're talking about the best education systems in the world today. You went to school here in Britain. What do you think of the British education system? Do you think it could be the best?
Beth，我们现在讨论的是世界上最好的教育体系。你在英国上学。你觉得英国的教育体系怎么样？你认为它是最好的吗？
I think that it's quite good, there's probably a couple of things that I personally would change about it, but I would say it's quite good, but maybe not the best in the world.
我认为它相当不错，我个人认为可能有几个地方需要改进，但我认为它相当不错，但可能不是世界上最好的。
Well, in this programme, we're going to be talking about the Pisa rankings. The rankings are based on tests carried out by the OECD, that's an international organisation, every three years.
在这个节目中，我们将讨论Pisa排名。排名基于国际组织OECD每三年进行的测试。
The tests attempt to show which countries are the most effective at teaching maths, science and reading. But is that really possible to measure?
测试旨在显示哪些国家在数学、科学和阅读教学方面最有效。但这真的可以衡量吗？
Well, here is former BBC education correspondent Sean Coughlan talking to BBC World Service programme 'The Global Story'.
以下是前BBC教育记者Sean Coughlan在BBC世界服务节目“全球故事”中的访谈。
When they were introduced first of all, that was a very contentious idea, because people said 'how can you possibly compare big countries… how can you compare America to Luxembourg or to, you know, or to parts of China, or whatever?'
当它们首次被引入时，这是一个非常有争议的想法，因为人们说“你怎么可能比较大国……你怎么能比较美国和卢森堡，或者中国的部分地区，或者其他什么地方？”
Sean said that the tests were contentious. If something is contentious, then it is something that people might argue about – it's controversial.
肖恩说，这些测试是有争议的。如果某件事是有争议的，那么它就是人们可能会争论的事情。
So, at first, Pisa tests were contentious because not everyone believed it was fair to compare very different countries.
起初，PISA测试是有争议的，因为不是每个人都认为比较非常不同的国家是公平的。
Phil, I've got a question for you about them. So, in 2022, Singapore was top of the reading rankings. But which of these countries came second?
Phil，我有一个关于它们的问题要问你。在2022年，新加坡在阅读排名中名列前茅。但以下国家中哪一个排在第二位？
Was it: a) The USA? b) Ireland? or, c) The UK? I think it might be b) Ireland. OK. Well, we will find out if that's correct at the end of the programme.
是：a)美国？b)爱尔兰？还是c)英国？我想可能是b)爱尔兰。我们将在节目结束时揭晓正确答案。
A common pattern in the Pisa rankings is that the most successful countries tend to be smaller.
PISA排名中的一个常见模式是，最成功的国家往往较小。
Talking to BBC World Service programme 'The Global Story', Sean Coughlan tells us that many large countries from Western Europe don't score that highly in the rankings.
在接受BBC国际服务节目《全球故事》采访时，Sean Coughlan，许多西欧大国在排名中得分并不高。
They're being outpaced and outperformed by these fast, upcoming countries – you know, Singapore, or Estonia, or those sort of places which we don't historically think of as being economic rivals,
这些快速崛起的国家正在超越它们，它们的表现也比它们好——比如新加坡、爱沙尼亚，或者那些我们过去不认为是经济竞争对手的地方，
but I suppose the argument for Pisa tests is, if you want to have a knowledge economy, an economy based on skills, this is how you measure it.
但我认为Pisa测试的理由是，如果你想拥有知识经济，一个以技能为基础的经济，这就是衡量它的方法。
We heard that many large European countries are being outpaced by smaller nations. If someone outpaces you, they are going faster than you – at a higher pace.
我们了解许多欧洲大国正在被小国超越。如果有人超越你，他们比你跑得更快——速度更快。
We use the prefix 'out-' to say that someone or something is better at doing something. We also heard that smaller nations are 'outperforming' larger ones – they are performing better.
我们用前缀“out-”来表示某人或某物在做某事方面更优秀。我们还了解小国正在“超越”大国——它们表现更好。
Singapore, Estonia are described as economic rivals to large European nations – that means that they are competing with them, economically.
新加坡、爱沙尼亚被描述为欧洲大国的经济竞争对手——这意味着他们在经济上与大国有竞争力。
We also heard about a knowledge economy. This is an economy based on service industries that require workers to be highly educated, such as IT, finance or advanced engineering.
我们还了解了知识经济。这是一种以服务业为基础的经济，需要工人受过高等教育，例如IT、金融或高级工程。
So, what makes countries perform better in these tests? Let's hear again from BBC World Service programme, 'The Global Story'.
是什么让各国在这些测试中表现更好？让我们再次听听BBC世界服务节目“全球故事”的报道。
Sean Coughlan tells us that those countries that prioritise getting everyone to a certain level do well. We also hear from Rando Kuustik, an Estonian school principal.
Sean Coughlan告诉我们，那些优先让每个人都达到一定水平的国家表现良好。我们还听到了爱沙尼亚学校校长兰多·库斯蒂克（Rando Kuustik）的讲话。
Countries which make sure that all their pupils get through a certain level of education to a certain standard, regardless of their background, do well.
那些确保所有不同背景的学生都达到一定水平并达到一定标准的国家，在排名中都会表现良好。
If you are teaching them by different level or abilities, then you are segregating them and we don't want to segregate any people in the world, why we are doing that in the schools? This one of the main things why Estonia is successful.
如果你根据学生不同的水平或能力来教他们，那么你就是在隔离他们，我们不想隔离世界上的任何人，为什么我们在学校这样做呢？这是爱沙尼亚成功的主要原因之一。
Sean said the most successful systems educate everyone to a particular standard, regardless of their background.
肖恩说，最成功的系统会将每个人教育到特定的标准，无论他们的背景如何。
If one thing happens regardless of something else, it means that the something else is not important, or not a problem.
如果one thing happens regardless of something else，则意味着其他事情并不重要，或者不是问题。
Rando Kuustik said that Estonian schools do not want to segregate students. Segregate means to separate and keep apart.
Rando Kuustik说，爱沙尼亚学校不想隔离学生。Segregate意味着分开和保持距离。
So, we've just heard about Estonia, but what about your question, Beth? What about those countries?
我们刚刚了解了爱沙尼亚，但是你的问题呢，Beth？那些国家呢？
I asked you which out of the USA, Ireland, and the UK came second for reading in the 2022 Pisa rankings. You said Ireland, and that was the correct answer. Well done!
我问你，美国、爱尔兰和英国中哪一个在2022年PISA排名中阅读排名第二。你说爱尔兰，这是正确答案。做得好！
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this programme about education rankings, starting with contentious - argued about or controversial.
让我们回顾一下本期节目中学习的有关教育排名的词汇，从contentious开始，意思是有争议的。
If you're outpaced by someone, they're going faster than you are. Rivals are competitors.
如果you're outpaced by someone，他们比你跑得更快。rivals就是竞争对手。
A knowledge economy is one based on industries that need highly educated workers, such as IT, finance or advanced engineering.
knowledge economy是基于需要高学历员工的行业，例如IT、金融或高级工程。
If something happens regardless of a second thing, the second thing has no impact on it happening.
如果某事regardless of第二件事都发生，那么第二件事对它的发生没有影响。
And finally, if people are segregated, different groups of people are separated and kept apart. Once again, our six minutes are up.
最后，如果人们被segregated，不同的人群就会被分开并保持距离。六分钟时间又到了。
Remember to visit our website, bbclearningenglish.com, where you'll find a worksheet and quiz related to this programme,
记得访问我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com，在那里你可以找到与本节目相关的活页练习题和测验，
and we'll see you again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now! Bye!
我们很快会在六分钟英语上再次与你见面，为你带来更多热门话题和实用词汇。暂时再见！再见！
