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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Pippa. In this programme we're talking about happiness.
大家好。这里是BBC六分钟英语。我是Neil，我是Pippa。在这个节目中，我们谈论的是幸福。
So, what makes you happy, Neil? It makes me happy when I'm with a group of old friends and we're having a good laugh. How about you, Pippa?
那么，什么让你感到幸福，Neil？当我和一群老朋友在一起开怀大笑时，我会感到很开心。你呢，Pippa？
Cats make me very happy. Especially if I see a cat on the street that I don't know, and it lets me give it a little stroke. That always makes me happy. I'm not surprised. That sounds great.
猫让我非常开心。尤其是当我在街上看到一只我不认识的猫时，它会让我轻轻抚摸它。这总是让我感到高兴。我并不感到惊讶。这听起来很棒。
So, happiness means different things to different people, but what's for sure is that most people would like to be happy.
因此，幸福对不同的人来说意味着不同的东西，但可以肯定的是，大多数人都希望幸福。
And the small Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan has taken this to a new level with the idea of Gross National Happiness, or GNH.
喜马拉雅小国不丹通过国民幸福总值(GNH)的概念将这一概念提升到了一个新水平。
We'll be hearing more about Gross National Happiness and learning some useful new vocabulary soon, but first Pippa, I have a question for you.
我们很快会听到更多关于国民幸福总值的信息，并学习一些有用的新词汇，但首先，Pippa，我有一个问题要问你。
Of course, it's not just the people of Bhutan who want to be happy. In fact, the United Nations has even announced an International Day of Happiness. But when is that?
当然，不只是不丹人民想要幸福。事实上，联合国甚至宣布了国际幸福日。但那是什么时候呢？
Is International Happiness Day: a) the 20th of March? b) the 20th of June? c) the 20th of November?
国际幸福日是：a)3月20日？b)6月20日？c)11月20日？
I'm going to say the 20th June, because it would be sunny in the UK. OK, let's find out if you're right at the end of the programme.
我会说6月20日，因为英国那天是晴天。好的，让我们在节目结束时揭晓正确答案。
Now, briefly, Gross National Happiness means preserving Bhutan's natural environment and culture through sustainable and eco-friendly development.
现在，简而言之，国民幸福总值意味着通过可持续和环保的发展来保护不丹的自然环境和文化。
Bhutan's government sees these goals as more important than growing the economy at any cost.
不丹政府认为这些目标比不惜一切代价发展经济更重要。
For many years, Bhutan was closed to the outside world – the first foreign tourists arrived in 1974, and television was only introduced in 1999.
多年来，不丹一直对外界保持封闭——第一批外国游客于1974年抵达，电视直到1999年才引入。
The King of Bhutan wanted to modernise the country and give it the benefits of modern technology,
不丹国王希望实现国家现代化，让其享受现代科技的益处，
but without damaging traditional culture, so he invited outside experts to develop the idea of Gross National Happiness.
但又不破坏传统文化，因此他邀请外部专家来发展国民幸福总值的概念。
One expert was Dr Ha Vinh Tho, speaking here to Charmaine Cozier, presenter of BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry:
一位专家是Ha Vinh Tho博士，他在这里与 BBC 世界服务节目The Inquiry主持人Charmaine Cozier交谈：
So, his idea was: 'How could we modernise and open our country without losing its culture, its environment, and its very strong social fabric?'
他的想法是：“我们如何才能在不失去其文化、环境和非常强大的社会结构的情况下实现国家现代化和开放？”
Because Bhutan was one of the only countries in Asia that was never colonised therefore its culture is very intact and vibrant, mainly Buddhist culture.
因为不丹是亚洲少数几个从未被殖民过的国家之一，所以其文化非常完整和充满活力，主要是佛教文化。
And so the idea was that Gross National Happiness should be the focus on all governmental decisions and policies.
因此，国民幸福总值应成为所有政府决策和政策的重点。
So the wellbeing and happiness of citizens took centre stage. Bhutan has a strong social fabric meaning there are good relationships within communities and these hold society together.
因此，公民的福祉和幸福成为中心议题。不丹拥有强大的社会结构，这意味着社区内有良好的关系，这些关系将社会凝聚在一起。
Unlike other Asian countries, Bhutan was never colonised, so its Buddhist culture and traditions are intact – they're complete and unspoiled.
与其他亚洲国家不同，不丹从未被殖民过，因此其佛教文化和传统完好无损。
As a result, the happiness of Bhutan's people took centre stage, it became the most important thing.
因此，不丹人民的幸福成为最重要的事情。
Bhutan's emphasis on happiness has been admired around the world, but there have been problems too.
不丹对幸福的重视受到全世界的赞赏，但也存在问题。
One is the migration of Bhutanese workers to India and other countries in search of better paid jobs and opportunities, something known as the brain drain.
其中一个问题是，不丹工人为了寻找报酬更高的工作和机会而移民到印度和其他国家，这就是所谓的人才流失。
So in 2023, the King of Bhutan announced a multi-million dollar project called, The Mindfulness City,
在2023年，不丹国王宣布了一项耗资数百万美元的项目，名为“正念之城”，
a new Himalayan city built on spiritual and environmental principles, all powered by renewable energy.
这是一座以精神和环境原则为基础的新喜马拉雅城市，全部由可再生能源提供动力。
Originally from Bhutan, Dr Lhawang Ugyel, is the project's director and spoke with Charmaine Cozier for BBC World Service's, The Inquiry: The project is also about reversing Bhutan's brain drain.
该项目的负责人Lhawang Ugyel博士来自不丹，他与BBC国际服务频道The Inquiry的Charmaine Cozier进行了交谈：该项目还旨在扭转不丹的人才流失。
The intention is to have locals run this whole Mindfulness City, so in that sense it's also to attract the migrants that have left,
该项目旨在让当地人管理整个正念之城，因此从这个意义上讲，该项目也是为了吸引那些离开的移民，
and in the process of having worked abroad, gained the extra skills, come back to the Mindfulness City and work.
他们在国外工作的过程中获得了额外的技能，然后回到正念之城工作。
As well as being a futuristic eco-city, the Mindfulness City hopes to stop Bhutan's brain drain by attracting workers back home to Bhutan.
正念之城不仅是一座未来主义的生态城市，还希望通过吸引员工回到不丹来阻止不丹的人才流失。
These local workers can then use the extra skills that they've learned abroad through upskilling. And upskilling is the process where workers' skills are improved through training.
这些当地员工可以通过技能提升来运用他们在国外学到的额外技能。upskilling是通过培训提高工人技能的过程。
The idea of Gross National Happiness might sound unusual, but it's interesting to see Bhutan balancing economic growth with the happiness of its people.
国民幸福总值的概念可能听起来不寻常，但看到不丹平衡经济增长与人民幸福还是很有趣的。
Yes, that's true – and it reminds me of your question, Neil… Yes, I asked you what the date of International Happiness Day is?
是的，没错——这让我想起了你的问题，Neil……是的，我问过你国际幸福日是几号？
I said it was the 20th June in the summer in the UK. Well, maybe it's better for people in the Southern hemisphere because it's actually the 20th March. Nice.
我说是英国夏天的6月20日。也许对南半球的人来说更合适，因为它实际上是3月20日。
And if you got that answer right, why not try our interactive quiz which you'll find on our website, bbclearningenglish.com!
如果你答对了，为什么不试试我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com上的互动测验呢！
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with modernise, to make something more modern, for example through introducing technology.
让我们回顾一下学过的词汇，从modernise开始，意思是让某物更现代化，例如通过引进技术。
A country's social fabric means the relationships which connect a community together.
一个国家的social fabric意味着将一个社区联系在一起的关系。
The adjective intact means complete and undamaged. If something takes centre stage, it becomes more important than anything else.
形容词“integrated”的意思是完整无损。如果某件事takes centre stage，它就会变得比其他任何事情都重要。
A brain drain happens when large numbers of educated and skilled people leave their own country to live and work in another country where they can earn more money.
当大量受过教育和有技术的人才离开自己的国家，去另一个可以赚更多钱的国家生活和工作时，就会发生brain drain。
And finally, upskilling means improving workers' skills through training and experience. Once again our six minutes are up. Goodbye for now! Goodbye!
最后，upskilling提升意味着通过培训和实践提高工人的技能。六分钟又到了。现在再见！再见！
