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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil. And I'm Beth. Phil, what makes home special for you?
大家好。这里是BBC六分钟英语。我是Phil，我是Beth。Phil，什么让你觉得家很特别？
Maybe it's sleeping in your own bed, the view from the window, or a loved family pet. What makes you feel like you're home, Phil?
也许是睡在自己的床上，窗外的风景，或者是一只心爱的宠物。是什么让你感觉像在家一样，Phil？
You know what? I think it's just relaxing on my sofa, in my living room. Very nice!
你知道吗？我认为就是在客厅的沙发上放松。非常好！
Well, you may not realise it, but for your brain one of the strongest identifiers of home is smell.
你可能没有意识到，但对于你的大脑来说，家最有力的标识之一就是气味。
Listen as BBC presenters Marnie Chesterton and Tristan Ahtone describe the smells which give them the feeling of home:
听听BBC主持人Marnie Chesterton和Tristan Ahtone描述让他们有家的感觉的气味：
My grandad's house smelt of pine and damp and musty books. I know my mom's perfume, my dad's preferred soap.
我爷爷的房子里有松树和潮湿发霉的书的味道。我知道我妈妈的香水，我爸爸喜欢的肥皂。
In this programme, we'll be finding out why our sense of smell is so important to feeling at home, even when we don't notice it.
在这个节目中，我们将了解为什么我们的嗅觉对有家的感觉如此重要，即使我们没有注意到它。
As always, we'll be introducing some useful new vocabulary, and if you head over to our website, bbclearningenglish.com, you'll find a transcript of the programme to read along with as you listen, and there's a free worksheet too!
与往常一样，我们将介绍一些有用的新词汇，如果您访问我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com，您将找到节目的文字记录，可以边听边读，还有免费的活页练习题！
Good idea, Beth! But now it's time for my question. The sense of smell is incredibly powerful but not everyone has it.
好主意，Beth！但现在该轮到我提问了。嗅觉非常强大，但不是每个人都有。
A small amount of the population is anosmic, meaning they can't smell. So, according to research at the University of Reading, what percentage of people have no sense of smell?
一小部分人是嗅觉缺失者，这意味着他们闻不到气味。根据雷丁大学的研究，有多少比例的人没有嗅觉？
Is it: a) 2%? b) 5%? or, c) 7%? Oh, I'm going to say b) 5%. Well, we'll find out the correct answer later in the programme.
是：a)2%？b)5%？还是c)7%？我要说b)5%。好吧，我们将在节目后期揭晓正确答案。
Have you ever come back home from holiday and noticed a strange smell in your house? If you have, don't worry – it's not bad,
你有没有度假回家后发现家里有异味？如果你有，别担心——这并不是坏事，
in fact there's a scientific reason for it, as science writer Tristan Ahtone explained to BBC World Service programme, Unexpected Elements:
其实这是有科学原因的，正如科学作家特里斯坦·阿托内（Tristan Ahtone）向BBC世界服务节目《意想不到的元素》所解释的那样：
One thing I've been thinking about is that every house or home has, well, a smell to it.
我一直在想的一件事是，每栋房子都有一种气味。
You might really notice this in your own home when you come back from a long trip, and you step through your front door and things smell, well, just kind of a bit weird.
当你长途旅行回来时，你可能会在自己的家里注意到这一点，当你走进前门时，东西闻起来有点奇怪。
While there's a good chance your house might smell strange because it's been closed up for a few weeks, there's also a chance you might be smelling your home as it usually smells, but you just don't notice it when you're there.
虽然你的房子很可能因为已经关闭了几个星期而闻起来很奇怪，但也有可能你闻到的家里的味道和平时一样，但你在那里时并没有注意到。
Tristan says that when you return home after being away, there's a good chance your house smells weird, an adjective meaning strange or unusual.
特里斯坦说，当你外出回家后，你的房子很有可能闻起来weird，这是一个形容词，意思是奇怪或不寻常。
If you say there's a good chance that something will happen, you mean there's a high likelihood or probability of it.
如果你说there's a good chance that something will happen，你的意思是它发生的可能性或概率很高。
The truth is that every home has a smell, although we're so used to it, we usually don't notice.
事实上，每个家庭都有气味，尽管我们已经习惯了，但通常不会注意到。
When we breathe in, receptor cells in the nose detect molecules in the air and send them to olfactory organs in the brain.
当我们吸气时，鼻子里的受体细胞会检测空气中的分子，并将它们发送到大脑的嗅觉器官。
These analyse the smells for danger. The reason you can't smell your own home is that it isn't a threat to you.
这些嗅觉器官会分析气味以寻找危险。 你闻不到自己家的气味的原因是它对你没有威胁。
Here's science writer Tristan Ahtone again, explaining more to BBC World Service programme, Unexpected Elements:
以下是科学作家特里斯坦·阿托内再次向BBC世界服务节目《意想不到的元素》进一步解释的内容：
Well, by filtering out common non-threatening smells it makes it easier to detect things out of the ordinary that might be dangerous.
通过过滤掉常见的无威胁气味，可以更容易地检测到可能存在危险的异常情况。
So, for example, if you forget about your toast, and it starts to burn, you can typically smell that quickly because it's a change to the environment that you're in.
例如，如果你忘记了你的面包，并且它开始烧焦，你通常可以很快闻到，因为这是你所处环境的变化。
Then the other parts of your brain kick in to understand the smell of smoke as a potential harm or threat.
然后，你大脑的其他部分开始将烟味理解为潜在的危害或威胁。
But even if we can't smell our own homes, the scent of them still matters because it's entangled with our recognition of comfort and security.
但即使我们闻不到自己家的味道，家的味道仍然很重要，因为它与我们对舒适和安全的认知息息相关。
By filtering out familiar smells, our brains are able to detect other smells which are out of the ordinary, unusual or uncommon, and which may be dangerous.
通过过滤掉熟悉的气味，我们的大脑能够检测到其他不同寻常或不常见且可能很危险的气味。
To filter something out means to remove or separate something unwanted from something else.
过滤掉某物意味着将不想要的东西与其他东西分开或移除。
For example, filtering out the smell of home means we notice the smell of burning toast or other smells alerting us to possible danger.
例如，过滤掉家里的味道意味着我们会注意到烤焦的面包的味道或其他提醒我们可能存在危险的气味。
Even though we don't usually notice the scent – the particular smell – of our home, it still has an effect on the brain's limbic system which handles memory and emotion.
即使我们通常不会注意到家里的味道——特殊的气味——但它仍然会对大脑的边缘系统产生影响，而边缘系统负责处理记忆和情感。
This explains why smell has such a strong effect on our feelings, and why we feel comfortable and safe at home.
这就解释了为什么气味会对我们的感觉产生如此强烈的影响，以及为什么我们在家里感到舒适和安全。
Right, Phil, isn't it time to reveal the answer to your question? Yes, it is. I asked you what percentage of the population is anosmic, that means they can't smell. And the answer is b) 5% which is what you said, I think.
好的，Phil，现在是不是该揭晓你问题的答案了？是的，是时候了。我问你有多少比例的人口是嗅觉缺失者，这意味着他们闻不到气味。答案是b)5%，我想这就是你说的。
It is, yeah! Well done! OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt in this programme, starting with anosmic, meaning having no sense, or a limited sense, of smell.
是的，是的！做得好！好的，让我们回顾一下在本节目中学到的词汇，从anosmic开始，意思是没有嗅觉或嗅觉有限。
The adjective weird means strange, odd or bizarre. When someone says there's a good chance something will happen, they mean it's quite likely to happen.
形容词weird意思是奇怪、古怪或离奇。当有人说there's a good chance something will happen时，他们的意思是它很可能会发生。
The phrase out of the ordinary means unusual, uncommon, or exceptional. If you filter something out, you remove or separate something unwanted from a substance.
短语out of the ordinary意思是不寻常、不常见或异常。如果你filter out某物，你就会从物质中去除或分离出不想要的东西。
And finally, a scent is a distinctive smell, often a pleasant one although it can also mean the smell made by an animal.
最后，scent是一种独特的气味，通常是一种令人愉悦的气味，尽管它也可以指动物发出的气味。
Once again, our six minutes are up, but if you enjoyed listening to this programme, you'll find many more, along with a worksheet with a quiz you can try, on our website, bbclearningenglish.com. See you there soon! Bye!
六分钟时间又到了，但是如果您喜欢收听这个节目，您可以在我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com上找到更多内容，以及活页练习题。很快再见！再见！
