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科学美国人60秒:压缩钾原子跨越液态和固态

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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
There's solid. And there's liquid. And now there's something in between called chain melt.
"At an atomic level you have this interaction and this mixup between liquid and solid." Andreas Hermann is a condensed-matter physicist at the University of Edinburgh.
What he and his team have discovered, using computer simulations, is that under certain pressures and temperatures potassium can be both liquid and solid at the same time. Specifically, they squashed simulated potassium atoms with really extreme pressures: 200 to 400 thousand atmospheres—that's at least 200 times greater than the pressure in the depths of the Mariana Trench.

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At that pressure, the atoms form two interlocking crystal lattices. Add heat to that—not too much, just a bit above the boiling point of water—and one of those lattices begins to melt while the other remains solid. Voila: chain melt. The details are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Hermann says there's no reason to stop at potassium: half a dozen other elements have this crystal structure, too. As for what we'll do with them? "We haven't really looked for any applications. It's quite fundamental research, I'd say."
One thing's for sure: any real-world tests will face immense pressure.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
fundamental [.fʌndə'mentl]

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adj. 基本的,根本的,重要的
n. 基本原

 
immense [i'mens]

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adj. 巨大的,广大的,非常好的

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liquid ['likwid]

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adj. 液体的,液态的
n. 液体

 
melt [melt]

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vi. 融化,熔化,消散
vt. 使融化,使熔

 
interlocking [intə(:)'lɔkiŋ]

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adj. 联锁的,交织在一起的 动词interlock的

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crystal ['kristl]

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n. 水晶,晶体
adj. 晶体的,透明的

 
haven ['heivn]

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n. 港口,避难所,安息所 v. 安置 ... 于港中,

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interaction [.intə'rækʃən]

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n. 相互作用,相互影响,互动交流

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pressure ['preʃə]

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n. 压力,压强,压迫
v. 施压

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academy [ə'kædəmi]

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n. 学院,学术,学会

 

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