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现代大学英语精读(第2版)第六册:U5 At War with the Planet(10)

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This approach raises a profound, unavoidable moral question: Is the ecosphere to be protected from destruction for its own sake, or to enhance the welfare of the human beings who depend on it? This leads to a further question regarding the term "welfare." Some environmental advocates believe that human welfare would be improved if people were less dependent on the artifacts of the technosphere and lived in closer harmony with their regional ecosystem-baking bread instead of buying it; walking, or pedaling a bike instead of driving a car; living in small towns instead of cities. The thrust of this approach is to deny the value to society of, let us say, a woman who uses time saved by buying bread instead of baking it in order to work as a curator in an urban museum. Nor does it allow for the possibility that time-and labor-saving technologies can be compatible with the integrity of the environment. It assumes that the technosph, no matter how designed, is necessarily an environmentally unacceptable means of giving people access to resources that are not part of their ecological niche. But as we shall see, this assumption is wrong; although nearly every aspect of the current technosphere is counterecological, technologies exist that-although little used thus far-are compatible with the ecosphere.

这一方法引发了一个深刻而又不可避免的道德问题:保护生态圈不受破坏是为了生态圈本身,还是提升依赖于它的人类的幸福感。这又引出一个关于“幸福”的更深层次的问题。一些环保支持者认为:要想提升幸福感,人类就得少依赖技术圈中的人工制品并与区域生态系统更亲密和谐生活在一起自烤面包而不买面包,散步或骑车而不开车,居住在小城镇而不是大城市。这种方式就是否认其社会价值,比如说,一位妇女买面包而不自己动手烤制,节省的时间可以作为管理员在城市博物馆里工作。而且省时省力技术也不可能与环境的整体性相容。假使技术圈,无论怎样设计,都必定是提供给人们与环保相违背的生态小环境中不具备的资源。但如我们所见,这种假设是错误的;虽然现存技术圈中几乎每个方面都是与生态相对抗的,但与生态相容的技术必定存在,虽然到目前为止很少被使用。
The view that people are to be regarded solely as components of the ecosystem can lead to extreme and often inhuman proposals. Consider the global warming issue, for example. The humanist approach dictates a vigorous effort to halt the process because it is a massive threat to human society: flooded cities, drought-ridden agriculture, and prolonged heat waves.
单纯地把人认为是生态圈中成分的观点往往会导致极端和非人性的建议。以全球变暖问题为例,人文主义方式强令积极努力阻止其进程,因为全球变暖问题会极大地威胁人类社会:城市被淹没,农业备受干旱之苦和热波延长。

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enhance [in'hɑ:ns]

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vt. 提高,加强,增加

 
urban ['ə:bən]

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adj. 城市的,都市的

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approach [ə'prəutʃ]

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n. 接近; 途径,方法
v. 靠近,接近,动

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curator [kjuə'reitə]

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n. (博物馆、展览馆等的)馆长,主持

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profound [prə'faund]

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adj. 深奥的,深邃的,意义深远的

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harmony ['hɑ:məni]

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n. 和弦,协调,和睦,调和

 
current ['kʌrənt]

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n. (水、气、电)流,趋势
adj. 流通的

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extreme [ik'stri:m]

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adj. 极度的,极端的
n. 极端,极限

 
global ['gləubəl]

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adj. 全球性的,全世界的,球状的,全局的

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integrity [in'tegriti]

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n. 诚实,正直,完整,完善

 

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