Wide fare.The Economist July 6th，2013

To ward off social ills, the region has tended to rely instead on youthful populations, bountiful growth and dutiful families. Yet as Asian countries have grown richer, older and less autocratic, their governments have responded to a rising demand from citizens for welfare, including pensions, health insurance and antipoverty schemes, such as subsidised food, public works and even cash handouts. The Asian Development Bank has tried to summarize their efforts in a single indicator, the social-protection index, published this week. The index shows both the breadth of coverage (the percentage of potential beneficiaries actually covered) and the depth (the amount of spending per beneficiary, expressed as a percentage of the country's GDP per person).

True to their tradition of self-reliance, many Asian countries lean heavily towards social insurance, which ties benefits to contributions, rather than social assistance, which ties benefits to circumstances. In South Korea, for example, the mix is about 80% insurance to 20% assistance, according to the index. In Singapore, nine-tenths of the government's efforts consist of contributions to the country's Central Provident Fund, a compulsory saving scheme from which Singaporeans can draw for housing, health care and retirement.