英语口译三级精讲第56讲讲义

一、口译练习：视译+笔记+模拟考试
1、视译（篇章分析）
2、笔记（熟悉原文的基础上整理出一套适合自己的笔记方式）
3、模拟考试（分段听、记、译）

二、翻译单项技巧练习 —— 转换法 conversion
翻译过程中,我们可以采用词性转换和句子成分转换的翻译方法。这种方法不仅指词性的改变，而且还包括句子成分的改变。

1.英译汉的常见词类转换形式

1）各种词类转换成动词
名词转换成动词
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭以被用来探索宇宙。

介词转换成动词
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
“来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

形容词转换成动词
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
医生说他们不敢确定能否救得了他的命。
The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
她能够给代个信就是暗示。但是我们必须要小心。

副词转换成动词
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋。

2）各种词类转换成名词
动词转换成名词
To them, he personified the absolute power.
对他们来说，他就是绝对权力的化身。

形容词转换成名词
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
他们尽了最大的努力来帮助病号和伤员。

代词转换成名词
The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones.
这次试验结果比前几次试验结果都好得多。

副词转换成名词
He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱，但心智健全。

3）各种词类转换成形容词
名词转换成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
学习中的独立思考是绝对必要的。

副词转换成形容词
The pressure inside equals the pressure outside.
内部的压力和外部的相等。

4）各种词类转换成副词
形容词转换成副词
A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.
直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方。

名词和动词转换成副词
I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。
The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得他们的一些好感。

5）英译汉句子成分的转换
The baby doubled its weight in a year.
婴儿的体重一年增长了一倍。 （主语转换成定语）
She behaves as if she were a child.
她的举止像是个孩子。（谓语转换成主语）
Mathematics is well taught at that school.
那个学校的数学教得好。（状语转换成定语）

2. 汉译英的词类转换
1）将动词转换成名词、形容词、介词、副词等
徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。
Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good. （动词转化为名词）
绝对不许违反这个原则。
No violation of this principle can be tolerated. （动词转化为名词）
获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。
We are deeply concerned by the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. （动词转化为形容）
他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。
They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks. （动词转化成介词）

2）其他一些词类之间的转换
该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。(fine workmanship and durability)
The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability. （名词转化为动词）
街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。(a pall of gray)
Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray. （形容词转化为名词）

英汉互译

三、本章重点、难点

词 汇
on the horizon 初见端倪的、即将来临的
Famine is on the horizon for this nation. 这个国家面临饥荒。
A solution to this question is on the horizon. 解决这个问题的办法已经有点眉目。
in all probability 很可能、多半
In all probability, he will arrive in time for dinner. 他很可能会按时来吃饭的。

句型口译

感谢你热情洋溢的欢迎辞。Thank you for your warm welcome.
一日之棰，日取其半，万世不竭。Cut away half of a rod and keep on halving what is left, and there will be no end to that process.
兼取众长，以己为善。Learn from others to improve oneself.

四、词汇口译

科学时空 science horizon
crystal ball 预卜、预言 （crystal ball gazer 预言者）
on the horizon 初见端倪的、即将来临的
genetic technology 基因技术、遗传技术
driving force 驱动力
in all probability 很可能、多半
profound change 深刻变化
智能汽车 intelligent automobile
imaging 影像技术
bar code 条形码
video marketing 电子营销
virtual goods 虚拟商品
cyberspace 电脑空间
teleworking 家庭办公
teleshopping 电话购物
telelearning 远程学习

课文口译（一）

一、词汇口译

仰观天文 astronomical observation
俯察地理 geographical survey
天人合一 unity between universe and human
宇宙观 world outlook
浩如烟海 numerous
春秋时期 The Spring and Autumn Period
战国时期 The Warring States Period
百家争鸣 contention of a hundred schools of thoughts
诸子百家 various schools of thought
历法 calendric system
人文科学 humanities
做出独特贡献make unique contribution
甲骨文 oracle bone inscription
日食 solar eclipse
月食 lunar eclipse
哈雷彗星 Halley Comet
地动仪 seismograph
浑天仪 celestial globe
勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem / proposition
圆周率 the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
十二平均率 the twelve-tone temperament
丝绸之路 silk road
闭馆锁国政策 policy of seclusion
先进的中国人 enlightened Chinese

二、口译技巧

1.省略
这表明中国古人就已认识到事物的发展变化是无限的，也说明我们的先人对自然界的认识已达到相当的水平。
It shows that the ancient Chinese realized the endless process of changes of matters and had a fairly good understanding of the nature.（省略同义重复）

早在公元前2,500年，中国人就开始了仰观天文、俯察地理的活动，
As early as in 2,500 B.C. Chinese began astronomical observation and geographical survey,⋯（省略概念范畴类词语）

春秋战国时期出现的“百家争鸣”的局面和老子、孔子等诸子百家的学说，
There appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period “the contention of a hundred schools of thoughts” represented by Lao Zi and Confucius. 原文中“的局面”属范畴类词语，翻译时省略原文中“等诸子百家的学说”与“百家争鸣”同义重复，翻译时省略。

2.合并
中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家，留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。
China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists, who left us numerous volumes of literature.（后句作为定语从句并入前句中）