2.语法结构

2．1 关联
理论依据：我们无论如何也无法忘却的美丽的中文：“因为…所以”、“虽然…但是”….
解决方法：
 if /so long as… then
 although … yet
 as… so （不应过多使用，口语中可以接受）
 用more importantly 来替代 not only.. but also

e.g. 如果你要求我把它说得具体一点得话， 那我可以概括一下， 本届政府现在面临要干得几件事情可以概括为“一个确保， 3个到位， 5项改革。”
If you expect me to give you some specifics, then I can just make a generalization of the tasks that this government is expected to accomplish…

e.g. 从根本上讲，因为科索沃是南斯拉夫范围之内的一个问题， 因此， 它是一个南斯拉夫得内部事务。
Fundamentally, as the Kosovo question is within Yugoslavia, so it is an internal matter of Yugoslavia.

e.g. 我们虽然还没有进入WTO, 但我们的很多改革比我们原来承诺的还发展得更快。
Although China is still not a member of the WTO, as a matter of fact, yet the results of many of our reforms have already gone beyond the commitments made by us.

e.g. 这种民主的制度， 不但是在农村，而且企业也在试行。
Such a democratic system now is in existence in the villages, more importantly, many enterprises are practicing them too.

2.2 加总结词
理论依据：英文有时需要加上总结词，否则会有比较突兀的感觉。
e.g. 协定的主要内容包括：
The major contents of the agreement include the following…

2.3 保留连接词that
理论依据：老外都这么说，而且据说有心理学论证一说。
e.g. 宏观调控可以说现在它有4个成效。第一个就是它对付金融风暴。
The macro-regulation has produced four major results. The first result is that it helped China to cope with the Asian financial crisis.

2.4 实词衔接
在口译中应尽量避免使用语义不具体的关系代词来指代远处的词语，而应改用实词来与前面得词语衔接呼应，便于听众听懂。
e.g. 这些言论显然不利于促进海峡两岸实现和平统一， 也是同前不久发表的台湾国家统一纲领中说的“两岸应当屏弃敌对状态”这句话是自相矛盾的。
These remarks are clearly detrimental to the peaceful reunification of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and are also contradictory to the remarks contained in the program for national reunification issued lately by the Taiwan authorities. These remarks say something to the effect that the two sides of the Taiwan Straits should give up their hostilities.

2.5 主语与主题
2.5.1 对于汉语主语管辖较宽的处理
e.g. 我相信中日作为两个大国， 又是相邻的国家，过去有过长久的文化友好交往、文化的渊源，但是也有过近代的这种不行的历史。
China and Japan are two major countries and also are neighbors to each other. In the history the two countries enjoyed a very long-standing relationship of friendly exchanges and also very close cultural links. However, in the modern history, the two sides also experienced some unfortunate period.

2.5.2 汉语无主句的处理
主要处理方法：
 补上人称代词，一般补we, you等
 补上非人称的名词

e.g.（巴尔干这个地区是民族关系非常复杂的这样一个地区， 所以各个民族的合法权益都应该得到保护，）同时也要防止各种各样的极端主义分子的一种活动。
Meanwhile, efforts should be made to prevent and guard against the splittist activities conducted by some extremists.

2.6 定语
理论依据：汉语中定语一般置于被修饰词之前，而英语定语的位置灵活多变，可以前置，也可以后置。因此，中译英时，尽量将定语前置，万一不行，我们有下列方法。不过先看看前置的例子。
前置定语
e.g. 刚刚闭幕的全国人大通过了修改宪法。
The just concluded NPC session has adopted the Amendment to the Constitution.

e.g. 这也会对下一个世纪的全球和地区的战略平衡与稳定带来非常不利的影响。
It will also exert a negative impact on the global and regional strategic balance and stability into the next century.

e.g. 中国的
改革中国的电讯工业的体制
尽量不要将“中国的”翻成 Chinese , 原因？？？
To reform the system of China’s telecommunication industry.

定语的前后
中国一向奉行独立自主的和平外交政策
China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace/an independent peaceful policy ofr diplomatic affairs/a foreign policy of independence and peace

定语的转换
现在世界的潮流是走向和平与发展，走向缓和
In today’s world, the trend is towards peace, development and relaxation of tension.

2.7 状语
汉语的状语位置不如英语，但是在口译中，尽量做到源语和目的语状语的位置保持一致
e.g. 在世纪之交，面对前所未有的挑战和机遇，我们对实现下一个世纪的宏伟目标充满信心。
Faced with unprecedented challenges and opportunities at the threshold of a new century, we’re full of confidence to realize the grand objective set for the next century.