Perot to the Rescue

救星佩罗

In late 1986 Jobs sent out a proposal to venture capital firms offering a 10% stake in NeXT for $3 million. That put a valuation on the entire company of $30 million, a number that Jobs had pulled out of thin air. Less than $7 million had gone into the company thus far, and there was little to show for it other than a neat logo and some snazzy offices. It had no revenue or products, nor any on the horizon. Not surprisingly, the venture capitalists all passed on the offer to invest.

1986年底，乔布斯向凤投公司发出了招股说明书，300万美元可购买NeXT公司10%的股份。也就是说整个公司的估值为3000万美元，这一数值是乔布斯凭空想出来的。NeXT公司已经消耗了近700万美元，但这笔钱毫无成效，只体现在优雅的标识和时髦的办公室上。没有收入，没有产品，也没有即将发布产品实现营收的迹象。因此，毫不奇怪，风投公司都没有参与投资。

There was, however, one cowboy who was dazzled. Ross Perot, the bantam Texan who had founded Electronic Data Systems, then sold it to General Motors for $2.4 billion, happened to watch a PBS documentary, The Entrepreneurs, which had a segment on Jobs and NeXT in November 1986. He instantly identified with Jobs and his gang, so much so that, as he watched them on television, he said, “I was finishing their sentences for them.” It was a line eerily similar to one Sculley had often used. Perot called Jobs the next day and offered, “If you ever need an investor, call me.”

不过，倒是有一位颇具胆量的牛仔为NeXT公司神魂颠倒。罗斯·佩罗（RossPerot）是个矮小精干的得克萨斯人，他创办了电子数据系统公司（ElectronicDataSystems），后以24亿美元的价格卖给了通用汽车公司。1986年11月，佩罗碰巧看到了美国公共广播公司的一部纪录片《创业者》（TheEntrepreneurs），其中有一部分是关于乔布斯和NeXT公司的。佩罗当下就很欣赏乔布斯及其团队，他边看电视边想，“我会帮助他们完成想法。”这句话与斯卡利过去常说的话极其相似。次日，佩罗就打电话给乔布斯，提出，“如果你需要投资者，给我打电话。”

Jobs did indeed need one, badly. But he was careful not to show it. He waited a week before calling back. Perot sent some of his analysts to size up NeXT, but Jobs took care to deal directly with Perot. One of his great regrets in life, Perot later said, was that he had not bought Microsoft, or a large stake in it, when a very young Bill Gates had come to visit him in Dallas in 1979. By the time Perot called Jobs, Microsoft had just gone public with a $1 billion valuation. Perot had missed out on the opportunity to make a lot of money and have a fun adventure. He was eager not to make that mistake again.

乔布斯确实需要，非常需要。然而他也足够冷静，没有表现出来。过了一周他才回复佩罗的电话。佩罗派了一些自己的分析师来评估NeXT，而乔布斯则谨慎地直接同佩罗打交道。佩罗后来表示，自己人生中的最大憾事之一就是，1979年，当年轻的比尔·盖茨前来达拉斯拜访时，自己没有收购微软，或是买下大量股份。佩罗打给乔布斯的时候，微软刚刚上市，市值10亿美元。佩罗错过了发大财和拥有一番有趣冒险的机会。因此，他非常不愿意再犯下类似的错误。

Jobs made an offer to Perot that was three times more costly than had quietly been offered to venture capitalists a few months earlier. For $20 million, Perot would get 16% of the equity in the company, after Jobs put in another $5 million. That meant the company would be valued at about $126 million. But money was not a major consideration for Perot. After a meeting with Jobs, he declared that he was in. “I pick the jockeys, and the jockeys pick the horses and ride them,” he told Jobs. “You guys are the ones I’m betting on, so you figure it out.”

乔布斯向佩罗提出的价钱，比数月前不动声色地向其他不感兴趣的风投公司提出的条件高出3倍。在乔布斯再投入500万美元后，佩罗可以用2000万美元买下NeXT公司16%的份。这意味着，该公司的估值将达到大约1.26亿美元。但是，钱并不是佩罗考虑的主要因素。同乔布斯会面后，他宣布自己入伙。“我挑选骑师，骑师挑选马匹并驾驭它们，”他对乔布斯说，“你们就是我赌的骑师，因此，你们看着办。”

Perot brought to NeXT something that was almost as valuable as his $20 million lifeline: He was a quotable, spirited cheerleader for the company, who could lend it an air of credibility among grown-ups. “In terms of a startup company, it’s one that carries the least risk of any I’ve seen in 25 years in the computer industry,” he told the New York Times. “We’ve had some sophisticated people see the hardware—it blew them away. Steve and his whole NeXT team are the darnedest bunch of perfectionists I’ve ever seen.”

除了2000万美元的救命钱，佩罗也为NeXT公司带来了几乎同样宝贵的其他东西：他是公司津津乐道、精神昂扬的拉拉队长，给员工带来了信任的氛围。“就创业公司而言，这是我在计算机行业25年时间里所见过的风险最小的企业。”他告诉《纽约时报》，“我们请一些专业人士看了硬件，他们都被震住了。史蒂夫和整个NeXT团队是我所见过最厉害的完美主义者。”

Perot also traveled in rarefied social and business circles that complemented Jobs’s own. He took Jobs to a black-tie dinner dance in San Francisco that Gordon and Ann Getty gave for King Juan Carlos I of Spain. When the king asked Perot whom he should meet, Perot immediately produced Jobs. They were soon engaged in what Perot later described as “electric conversation,” with Jobs animatedly describing the next wave in computing. At the end the king scribbled a note and handed it to Jobs. “What happened?” Perot asked. Jobs answered, “I sold him a computer.”

佩罗还出入于商界和精英人物的社交圈，这弥补了乔布斯的不足。他带着乔布斯前往旧金山参加一个正式的晚宴舞会，这个晚宴是戈登·格蒂（GordonGetty）和安·格蒂（AnnGetty）为西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯一世举办的。当这位国王询问佩罗应该见见谁时，佩罗立刻介绍了乔布斯。两人很快就进入了佩罗后来所说的“兴奋无比的谈话”之中，乔布斯绘声绘色地描述着计算机行业的下一个浪潮。最后，卡洛斯一世写了一张纸条递给乔布斯。“怎么了？”佩罗问道。乔布斯回答，“我卖了一台电脑给他。”

These and other stories were incorporated into the mythologized story of Jobs that Perot told wherever he went. At a briefing at the National Press Club in Washington, he spun Jobs’s life story into a Texas-size yarn about a young man

佩罗走到哪儿都会讲起这些关于乔布斯的传奇。在华盛顿的国家记者俱乐部，他把乔布斯的人生故事夸大成一部恢弘的年轻人历险记：

so poor he couldn’t afford to go to college, working in his garage at night, playing with computer chips, which was his hobby, and his dad—who looks like a character out of a Norman Rockwell painting—comes in one day and said, “Steve, either make something you can sell or go get a job.” Sixty days later, in a wooden box that his dad made for him, the first Apple computer was created. And this high school graduate literally changed the world.

……他穷得上不起大学，晚上在自己的车库里工作，摆弄电脑芯片，这是他的愛好。他的爸爸就像诺曼·洛克威尔（NormanRockwell）画中的人物，一天他走进来说：“史蒂夫，要么做些能卖的东西，要么就去找份工作。”6天后，在父亲为他做的木箱中，第一台苹果电脑诞生了。这个高中毕业生切切实实地改变了世界。

The one phrase that was true was the one about Paul Jobs’s looking like someone in a Rockwell painting. And perhaps the last phrase, the one about Jobs changing the world. Certainly Perot believed that. Like Sculley, he saw himself in Jobs. “Steve’s like me,” Perot told the Washington Post’s David Remnick. “We’re weird in the same way. We’re soul mates.”

这段描述中唯一真实的地方就是关于保罗·乔布斯的，他确实像诺曼·洛克威尔画中的人物。也许最后一旬，乔布斯改变世界的那句，也是对的。显然，佩罗相信自己的故事。和斯卡利一样，他也在乔布斯身上看到了自己。“史蒂夫跟我很像，”佩罗告诉《华盛顿邮报》的戴维·雷姆尼克（DavidRemnick），“我们一样的古怪，我们性情相投。”