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2. Sukhothai
2.素可泰（Sukhothai）
Around the 13th century AD, in the area we now know as Thailand, the first Siam Kingdom was formed, and its political and administrative capital was Sukhothai. This is considered to be the first ever Thai state, and under King Ramkhamhaeng the first ever centralized Thai language and alphabet were created. A set of codified laws and a powerful military and administrative organization, all held together by strong Buddhist religious beliefs, have led modern people to consider Ramkhamhaeng “the Founding Father of the Thai Nation.”
约公元13世纪，在现如今的泰国土地上，第一个暹罗国形成了，素可泰就是它的政治行政首都。它是公认的有史以来第一个泰王朝，并且在兰甘亨大帝的统治下首次创建了高度统一的泰文及字母。由深厚的佛教信仰紧紧结合在一起的成文法及强有力的军事行政机构使得兰甘亨大帝被现代人奉为“泰国民族之父”。
In the city of Sukhothai we see the first evidence of a pure Thai culture and architecture, as well as Thai hydraulic engineering. They managed to build canals, reservoirs and dams to prevent flooding and aid in agriculture, as well as part of the city’s sewer and water provision systems. Sukhothai kings were acknowledged for their ability to seize and control the kingdom’s water.
在素可泰，我们看到了纯泰式文化和泰式建筑以及泰国水利工程的第一证据。他们设法开通运河，修建水库和堤坝，来防治洪水并促进农业发展，同时，这也构成了城市排水及供水系统的一部分。素可泰君王们也因为他们对水的把控力得到了普遍的认可。
With the death of Ramkhamhaeng, the Sukhothai kingdom dissolved as vassal states broke away one by one. The city of Sukhothai fell under Ayutthayan control in 1378 AD, and by 1583 was deserted because of both a powerful earthquake and a Burmese conflict in the area. Sukhothai and other cities were later repopulated, but not to the extent they previously were.
素可泰王朝在兰甘亨逝世后开始由盛转衰，各属国纷纷脱离中央的控制。公元1378年，在那莱大帝的统治下素可泰城开始衰落，到1583年，在大地震以及缅甸冲突的双重作用下，素可泰最终难逃覆灭。虽然后来素可泰等城市又陆续重建了起来，但再也找不回曾经的繁华了。
