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Classifications of cultures
文化的分类
Good morning everyone, today we'll look at culture or rather classifications of cultures.
大家早上好，今天我们来谈谈文化或者说文化的分类。
Usually when we deal with different people, we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture.
通常，当我们与不同的人打交道时，我们会将他们当做同一文化的成员对待他们。
However, it's possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world, regarding such important and basic ideas as time, personal space.
然而，不同文化背景的人，可能在某些重要的基本观念方面对世界有不同的设想，比如时间、个人空间等。
And this is the view of Edward Hall.
这是爱德华·霍尔的观点。
And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language, but he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture.
爱德华·霍尔是一位人类学家，他一生中大部分时间都在研究美洲印第安人，研究他们的文化和语言，但他不像其他人类学家只研究一种文化。
He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact.
他对文化之间的关系，文化如何相互影响感兴趣。
What Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuing, ranging from what he called high-context to low-context.
霍尔认为可以通过将文化置于一个连续体中，从他所谓的高语境到低语境来排列，进行分类。
OK, what is a high-context culture?
什么是高语境文化？
A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message or the action or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.
在高语境文化中，信息、行动或事件的语境承载着其含义和意义的很大一部分。
What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.
这意味着，在高语境文化中，人们更多地关注信息相关的事件而不是信息本身，这样的文化就是高语境文化。
Now let me give you examples.
现在让我给你们举几个例子。
First in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high-context culture, because there's a greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people.
首先，在个人空间方面，一般来说，在高语境文化中，因为人们对群体思维的依赖性更强，人们倾向于更强烈的感官参与，人与人的距离更近。
And they have less respect for privacy, for personal space.
而他们对隐私和个人空间的尊重较少。
If you go into that culture, people might stand closer when they're talking to you.
如果你进入那种文化环境，人们和你说话时，可能会站得比较近。
They might touch more and if they're justled in a crowd, they won't feel violated.
他们可能会有更多的肢体接触，如果他们被挤在人群中，也不会觉得受到冒犯。
And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.
同时，高语境文化的人们也会注意身体语言。
Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to themessage itself.
因为，还记得我说过的吗，高语境文化的定义是要更多的关注信息的语境而不是信息本身。
And part of the context is body language.
身体语言就是语境的一部分。
