adj. 腐败的,堕落的
vt. 使 ...
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一.reference:n.参考, 参照, 出处, 推荐人, 推荐函 v.注明出处, 附参考资料
【语法用法】
reference总是与介词to连用。
All are admitted, without reference to age or sex.
全面都是允许的,不参考年龄或性别。
商业复信的开首常用With reference to your letter,应避免在一般通信里出现;
with reference to比in reference to更常见,都主要用在商业信函和公文里,少用于口语。这里的to是介词,所以With(In) reference to editing a school paper里,用editing不用edit。
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句: With reference of this project, we have something to say.
订正: With reference to this project, we have something to say.
翻译: 关于这个工程,我们有些意见。
分析: with reference to是固定词组,意为“关于……”。
【例句用法】
He loaded his pages with references.
他在文章中引用大量参考资料。
You should make a reference to a dictionary.
你应该参考字典。
There is no further reference to him in her diary.
她的日记中没有进一步提到他。
二.also:adv.也, 而且, 同样地
【语法用法】
同either的用法比较:可以说He did not come, and she also did not come.不可说He did not come, and she did not come also.(句中also要改成either)also可用作连接词,
I study English, also Russian.
这种用法在口语中比较常见,文字上比较少见,可在also前加and。
注意使用also时,句中的单复数形式:
Not only the children but (also) their father is in town.
Not only the man but (also) his children are in town.
前句用is,后句用are。
比较also,as well和too:
三者意思相近,但在句中的位置不一样,如also通常跟在动词后,处“中间”位置,而as well和too则常用在句尾。
在祈使句和短句中,多用as well和too,而不常用also。
Give me some bread as well, please.
和'I've got a headache.' '! have too.'
also可以用在句首,引导整个句子。
It's a nice house, but it's very small.
Also, it needs a lot of repairs.
【词义辨析】
also, too, as well, either, likewise
这些词均含“也”之意。
also比too正式一些,语气较重,只用于肯定句,一般紧靠动词。
too语气较轻,多用于口语,在肯定句中使用,通常位于句末。
as well一般不用否定句,通常放在句末,强调时可放在句中。
either用于否定句,放在句末,之前加逗号。
likewise是书面语用词。
【例句用法】
We should also take account of difficulties.
我们也应该考虑到困难。
London was also called the modern Babylon.
伦敦也被称为现代巴比伦。
Tom has been to Japan, I have also been there.
汤姆曾去过日本,我也曾去过。
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