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We tend to think of the Vikings as these brutal and frightening people,
我们倾向认为维京人 既残忍又令人恐惧
but they helped open up the world,
但他们进一步开拓了世界
they connected the world in ways that it had not been before,
他们让世界以一种全新的方式联系在一起
and we do owe a debt to them for that.
对于这一点的确是托他们的福
The Viking trade network Stretches across central and northern Asia.
维京人的贸易线路 从亚洲中部和北部延伸开来
What they offer their visitor is a rare luxury in Arabia: fur.
他们给到访者的 是阿拉伯极度罕见的奢侈品:毛皮
In exchange, Arabian gold.
作为交换 他们得到了阿拉伯的黄金
Imagine two people who cannot communicate verbally,
想象一下 两个语言交流不通的人
and yet they both come with something that is of value in their culture.
都各自带着 自己文化中宝贵的东西
The exchange is made, and this is what has created trade
交换完成 正是这物质的交换形成了
across every culture in every part of the world.
跨越每一种文化每一片土地的贸易
Ibn Fadlan has arrived at a momentous time For these Vikings.
伊本·法德兰到达时 正值维京人们的 一个很重要的时刻
Their chief has died. It's time for a funeral.
他们的首领去世 正在举行葬礼
"They told me, before cremating their chieftain,"
他们告诉我 在火化他们首领前
"They place him in a grave for ten days,
他们把他安放于墓穴十天
"While they make his funeral garments.
同时 人们为他制作葬礼服饰
