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From a physical health perspective
从生理健康的角度来看
if you follow children from infancy through childhood
从婴儿期到童年期
through school age, into adolescence
到学龄期 再到青春期
everything you can measure gets better and stronger
所有测量的生理指标都显示他们变得越来越强
Strength, speed, reaction time, reasoning abilities
力量 速度 反应时间 推理能力
immune function
免疫功能
resistance to cold, heat, hunger, injury, dehydration
抵御寒冷 炎热 饥饿 损伤 脱水的能力
you name it
只要想得到的各种能力都变得越来越强
Everything gets better cognitively, physically
无论是认知方面还是生理方面都变得越来越好
but what happens to overall morbidity and mortality
但学龄时期和青春期结束时期
between school age and the end of adolescence
孩子的发病率和死亡率呢
It increases 200 to 300%
它们分别上升了200%和300%
The primary sources of morbidity and mortality
发病率和死亡率上升的主要原因
are problems of controls of behavior and emotion
是行为和情感的控制能力出现了问题
You see increase rates of accidents
人们看到青少年的事故率
suicide, homicide, depression
自杀率 杀人率 抑郁发病率
alcohol and substance use
酗酒和吸毒率升高
violence, reckless behavior
暴力和鲁莽行为增多
eating disorders
饮食变得不规律
sexually transmitted diseases
性病发病率升高
health problems related to risky sexual behaviors
和危险性行为相关的健康问题增多
and as it has already been highlighted
正如前面已经提到的
obesity in childhood and adolescence
童年和青少年时期出现的肥胖症
is very very likely to lead to lifetime obesity
极有可能演变成终生肥胖
Now this is just a few simple data slides
这里显示了一些简单的数据
if you look at overall morbidity and mortality...
大家看看整体上的发病率和死亡率数字
this is the death rates in a ten year period from 5 to 14
这是5岁到14岁10年之间的死亡率
total death rates in the United States back in 2003, 6,900
美国2003年的死亡率为6900人
It takes a comfortable 10 year period
从青春期中期到成年早期
that goes from mid-adolescence to early adulthood
这10年间
and it's tripled
死亡率增加了两倍
The main sources of injuries, homicide and suicide
造成死亡的主要原因是受伤 他杀和自杀
But that's only the tip of the iceberg
但这只是冰山的一角
because if you take something like smoking behavior
因为如果青少年开始吸烟
which's gonna show up with morbidity and mortality decades later
那么几十年后他们的发病率和死亡率就会上升
almost everyone's gonna be an adult smoker
几乎所有人成年后都会吸烟
and have eczema and heart disease related problems
出现湿疹和心脏疾病的人
begin smoking between ages of 10 to 20 years of age
几乎都是10岁到20岁之间的吸烟人群
I can show you the same data for alcohol
我还可以给大家看看饮酒相关的数据
The increase in binge drinking, heavy drinking
疯狂饮酒 大量饮酒
problematic drinking is happening during adolescence
非正常饮酒都发生在青春期
In fact, if you do a cartoon version
事实上 大家看看这种图
and you look at increase in drug use disorders and depression
大家可以看到药物滥用和抑郁症都出现了上升
they are very very different trajectories
它们有完全不同的发展趋势
except here
除了这里
the inflexion point up is happening in mid-adolescence
交汇处就发生于青春期
