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That's a whole answer
这就是我们的回答
but it is a theme I want to highlight
但我想强调的主题是
that these social and emotional influences
社会和感情方面的影响
are key part of the problem
才是问题产生的关键
It's part of the set of changes in these neuro-systems in puberty
青春期神经系统出现的一系列变化
that are true not just for human but in many species
不仅影响了人类 而且影响了很多其他物种
that there's this bio-behavioral activation
正是生物行为方面的因素
of this tendency to explore, seek novelty
促使人们去探索 去寻找新奇事物
sensation seeking
寻找情感寄托
And a very interesting aspect of this we review
我们在《神经科学自然评论》上
in Nature Review Neuroscience paper
刊登的论文指出
is this increased motivational salience
根本原因就在于
of social status
青少年希望获得突出社会地位的动机性行为
Of course kids want to be admired and like a status
孩子们当然希望被别人像偶像一样崇拜
and of course adults at every age of the lifespan do it as well
成年人在任何阶段也有这样的愿望
but the intensity with which salience
但在青春期
having peers admire you increases
希望突出 希望被同伴崇拜的愿望
in relative terms at the onset of puberty
得到了相对大幅度的提高
It's very interesting to mention
这一点是值得提出的
Now there's a lot of interesting mechanistic questions
很多人提出了很多有趣的问题
about particular hormones
这些问题是关于发生机制的 如激素水平
the intracrines of substance rates
胞内分泌物质水平
the particular neuro-systems
受某些激素影响的
that are being influenced by some of the hormones
特定神经系统
what are social experiences
以及社会经历等
These are very complex issues
这些都是非常复杂的问题
and I'm not trying to overly reduce it
我不打算对它们做过于简单的讲解
but these are great areas for investigation
但作为这个问题的一部分
as a part of this
这些领域非常值得我们研究
It's part of a larger set of changes
因为它们属于宏观变化的一部分
I use a metaphor of "igniting passion"
我用了一个词"点燃的激情"
to capture these emotional and motivational change
来比喻这些感情和动机方面的变化
I like the term "igniting passion"
我使用"点燃的激情"
not only because it captures
不仅因为这个词传递了
the literal romantic interest and motivation that kicks in puberty
青春期的浪漫情怀和动机
It has only intense motivational changes
而且表达了青春期孩子们的动机变化
and the emotional intensity that the kids have at puberty
以及情感强度的变化
But it's also capturing another aspect of passion
同时它也传递了另一种激情
and that is this is a key time for motivational learning
也就是这是人们主动学习的关键时期
Kids become passionate about particular kinds of goals
孩子们开始对很多目标充满了激情
Yes, kids develop hobbies at earliest ages
的确 孩子们在很小的时候就养成了爱好
they develop interests in early ages
他们在童年时期就有了兴趣
but they also develop crushes at early ages
但他们也会在童年时期半途而废
but they don't fall in love until puberty
但直到青春期 他们才开始真正爱上什么
And in the same way
同样的
kids fall in love with different kind of intensity
孩子们的爱好也有强度上的差别
