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It's suggesting that
有人提出
if we really want to get it at the root
如果我们真的想根除
of a huge ramp-up of morbidity and mortality in the lifespan
人一生中发病率和死亡率的根源
we really should think about that ramp-up
那么我们应该思考
that occurs in adolescence
如何消除青春期的这些问题
And it raises compelling questions
这也就引发了一个迫切需要解决的问题
why is the physically healthiest time of life
为什么一生当中最健康的时期
such an important window and a period of trajectory
为疾病和死亡发生提供了
towards so much morbidity and mortality?
最重要的窗口期?
Again, lots of people have drawn attention to this
这个问题引起了很多人的关注
The United States spends about a billion dollars a year
美国每年花费了十多亿美元的经费
on programs to counsel adolescents
用于为青春期少年提供咨询
and do education related
开展各方面的教育活动
to violence, gangs, suicide, sex
如暴力 帮派 自杀 性行为
substance use and other potential pitfalls
药物滥用以及其他潜在的危险行为等
And the data suggest that these are not working very well
但数据显示 这些努力都没有什么成效
Now, I'm gonna argue...
我要指出的是
these are very complex issues
这些问题非常的复杂
I'm trying to reduce it to one or two factors
我打算把它们归纳为一两个因素
But I think that there is increasing evidence
但我认为有越来越多的证据显示
that it is primarily affective, emotional
造成这些问题的原因从根本上来说
and motivational influence on behavior
都是情感 感情和动机对行为的影响
And how these interact with risk
这些因素如何造成了风险
and risk-promoting social contexts
并且在高风险的环境下
that really push, tip the balance towards these health problems
打破了平衡 从而引发了一系列的健康问题
There's increasing role of socio-affective changes at puberty
青春期出现的社会情感变化
helping to tip this balance
促成了平衡的打破
Now this is a very complex story
这是一个复杂的过程
and I'm not gonna go through
这里我不打算
a lot of neuroscience data at this point
从神经科学研究结果的角度做过多的讲解
Actually, we just Evelene Crone and I
艾弗琳克罗恩和我
just published a review two weeks ago
两周前刚刚在
on Nature Reviews Neuroscience
《神经科学自然评论》上发表了一篇文章
making the argument
我们提出
that the old image of that
过去人们普遍认为
the problem with adolescence
造成青春期各种问题的主要原因
is immature prefrontal cortex
是大脑前额皮质没有发育成熟
is really not supported by the data
我们认为这种认识是缺乏数据支持的
It's not a simple story
实际情况
that we have immature prefrontal cortex in adolescents
不是青春期前额皮质未成熟这么简单
What really supports the data is
我们的结论得到了研究数据的支持
that there's increasing influence of these socio-affective aspects
也就是社会情感层面的变化
of the neruo-circuits
会对神经回路造成影响
that can tip the balance in situations that are social and emotional
从而打破社会和感情层面的平衡
but adolescents are quite capable of making good decisions
但尽管存在这些影响
independent of these influences
青少年仍然具备做出正确决定的能力
