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Why should Alexander grants rights to the Polish and to the Fins but not to the Russians?
为什么亚历山大要给波兰和芬兰权利而不给本国人民呢
Catherine had refused to help Britain put down the American Revolution,
凯瑟琳拒绝帮助英国人镇压美国的革命
but her successors were not pleased by the fact that educated Russians, the so-called intelligentsia,
但她的继任者却对受过教育的俄国人或者说所谓的知识分子
still wanted the same rights enjoyed in the United States and in Britain.
向往拥有美国人和英国人那样的权利的事实表示不满
Nicholas the First took this repressive approach a step further by finding militaristic solutions to Russia's problems.
尼古拉一世通过用军国主义手段解决俄国问题更进一步走向了反动
Wherever authority was threatened, Nicholas was only happy, too happy in fact, to send money and even Russian troops.
每当统治权受到威胁时，尼古拉总是很乐意，实际上是非常乐意，输送金钱，甚至是军队
4. Official nationality. Coming to the throne on the heels of the December 1825 Revolution,
4.官方民族主义，在十二月党人革命之后便紧接着登上皇位
Nicholas' militaristic fixation on holding order can be understood.
尼古拉下定决心要牢握军权的想法是可以被理解的
Yet the policy of official nationality set forth by his education minister in 1833 only made Russia's problems worse.
1833年，由他的教育部部长提出的官方民族主义对解决俄国问题实际上是火上浇油
