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Two new studies were published today on the links between television converage of suicide
人们展开了针对于电视自杀性报道与
and subsequent teenage suicide rates.
随后青少年自杀发生概率关系的两项新研究，它们已于今日发布。
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that both studies suggest that some teenagers might be more likely to take their own lives
《新英格兰医学杂志》报告说，这两项研究都表明有些青少年在
after seeing TV programs dealing with suicide.
看了自杀性电视节目后，更可能自杀。
NPR's Lorie Garrett reports.
NPR洛里·加勒特报道。
The first suicide study, done by a team from the Unitversity of California in San Diego,
第一项自杀研究，由加利福尼亚圣地亚哥大学一个团队完成，
examines television news coverage of suicides.
他们检查了自杀性事件的电视新闻报道。
David Philips and Lundy Careseon looked at forty-five suicide stories carried on network news-casts between 1973 and '79.
大卫·菲利普斯和伦迪· 凯尔森查看了1973年至1979年间45个自杀性事件的网络新闻报道。
The researchers then compared the incidence of teen suicides in those years to the dates of broadcast of these stories.
研究人员随后对那些年发生的青少年自杀事件与新闻报道做了对比。
David Philips says news coverage of suicides definitely prompted and increase in the number of teens in America who took their lives.
大卫·菲利普斯说，关于自杀事件的新闻报道肯定助长了美国青少年的自杀发生概率，增加了自杀发生人数。
"The more TV programs that carry a story, the greater they increase in teen suicides just afterwards."
“电视播得越多，随后的青少年自杀事件发生得越多。”
The suicide increase among teens was compared by Philips to adult suicide trends.
菲利普斯还对青少年自杀趋势与成年自杀趋势进行了比较。
"The teen suicides go up by about 2.91 teen suicides per story.
（平均）每次事件报道造成青少年自杀率增加2.91人次，
And adult suicides go up by, I think, around two adult suicides per story.
而（平均）每次事件报道造成成年自杀率增加2人次，
The increase for teens, the percentage increase for teens is very, very much larger
青少年自杀率的增加远
than the percentage increase for adults.
比成人自杀率的增加要大得多。
It's about, I think, fourteen or fifteen times as big a response for teens percentagewise as it is for adults."
我认为，按百分比计算，青少年自杀率的增加是成人的十四五倍。”
The TV news coverage appears to have prompted a greater increase than is seen around other well-known periods of adolescent depression,
比起其它众所周知的青春期抑郁时期，新闻报道似乎，更会造成青少年自杀率的增加，
such as holidays, personal birthdays, the start of school and winter.
如假期、个人生日、开学季及冬季时段。
Philips could not find any specific types of stories that seem to trigger a greater response among depressed teens.
菲利普斯似乎再找不到任何比电视新闻报道，更能激发抑郁青少年自杀的事情了。
Philips says it seems to simply be the word "suicide"
菲利普斯说，似乎正是“自杀”这个词，
and the knowledge that somebody actively executed the act that pushes buttons in depressed teenagers.
以及知道有人真的做了，让这些抑郁的青少年，启动了自杀的按钮。
Psychiatrists call this "imitative behavior."
精神病学家称之为“模仿行为”。
"What my study showed was that there seems to be imitation not only of relatively bland behavior like dress,
“我的研究表明，模仿似乎不仅限于那些稀松平常的事情，比如像衣服，
dressing or hairstyles, but there seems to be imitation of really quite deviant behavior as well.
着装或发型，人们也会对一些相当离经叛道的行为加以模仿。
The teenagers imitate apparently across the board, not just suicides, but everything else as well."
这些青少年显然是在全面模仿，不仅仅是自杀，还有其他一切。”
In a separate study, Madeline Gould and David Shaeffer of Columbia University
在另一项研究中，玛德琳·古尔德和哥伦比亚大学的戴维·谢弗发现，
found that made-for-television movies about suicide also stimulated imitative behavior.
影视作品中的自杀情节也会刺激自杀模仿行为的发生。
Even though the movies were intended to portray the problem of teen suicide and offered, in some cases,
尽管电影旨在描述青少年自杀问题并提供，在某些情况下，
suicide hot line numbers and advice on counselling,
自杀（救助）热线及咨询意见，
the team believes the four network movies prompted eighty teen suicides.
该研究团队仍认为这四部网络电影促使80名青少年最终选择了自杀。
One of the made-for-TV movies examined by the Columbia University team was a CBS production.
哥伦比亚大学研究团队对其中一部电影进行了检查，该电影由CBS生产。
George Schweitzer, a CBS's Vice President, is well aware of this research.
CBS副总乔治·斯维泽对此项研究非常了解。
He says, "It is terribly unfortunate that any teens took their lives after the broadcast,
他说，“有青少年在收听了自杀性报道后选择了自杀，真的极为不幸，
but if they had it to do over,"says Schweitzer, "CBS would still run the movie."
但如果他们可以重新选择一次，”斯维泽说，“CBS仍会播放这部影片。”
"Studies like these do not measure the most, what we think is the most important thing,
像这样的研究并不是最重要的，我们认为最重要的是，
which I don't think can be measured, and that is the hundreds and hundreds and probably thousands of teenagers
我认为这是难以估量的，成百上千，可能是数以千计的
who were positively moved by these kinds of broadcasts."
青少年被这类报道驱使。
Moved to call suicide hot lines, moved to seek counseling,
他们会拨打自杀（救助）热线，赶紧去找心理咨询，
and moved to discuss their depressions with family members.
和家人一起讨论他们沮丧的状态。
Schweitzer does not dispute today's studies: some teens may be moved to suicide.
斯维泽并不反对今天的研究：一些青少年可能会被驱使去自杀。
"But ignoring the issue for fear of that,
“但因为这一点而忽视这个问题，
I think,would be far more disastrous than addressing important social issues to help create awareness and again to have a positive effect."
会比解决重要的社会问题来提高人们的意识，并再次产生积极影响更加具有灾难性后果。
But researcher David Philips suggests the media could decrease the teen suicide problem
但是研究员大卫·菲利普斯建议，媒体可以通过避免自杀性事件的同时报道，
by avoiding some suicide stories all together and changing the way the others are covered.
以及改变报道其他内容的方式，来减少青少年的自杀问题。
For examply, says Philips, "Don't make suicide seem heroic."
比如，菲利普斯说，“不要让自杀看起来是种英雄行为。”
He cites the story of a young Czechoslovakian dissident who set himslef on fire.
他引用了年轻的捷克斯洛伐克持不同政见者的故事，他自焚了。
But the dissident action was taken to draw attention to government repression in Czecholovakia.
但持不同政见者这样做是为了促使人们关注捷克斯洛伐克政府的镇压。
Should the news media really have ignored such a story?
新闻媒体真的应该把这样一个故事忽略掉吗？
"I think it's a really difficult question. There are all these goods on all sides of the issue.
“我认为这是一个非常难的问题。问题的各个方面都有好处。
And thank God, I don't have to be the one to disentangle that issue."
感谢上帝，我不是那个必须要解决这个问题的人。”
One prominent expert in this field said the young people moved to take their lives,
这一领域的一位著名专家说，年轻人开始采取自杀行动，
following a news story or movie, are particularly vulnerable, suicidal individuals.
在新闻故事或电影播出后，特别容易受到伤害的就是自杀者。
In the absence of television stories, some other events in their lives might well have triggered their actions.
如果没有电视报道，他们生活中的一些其他事件，很可能已经触发了他们的自杀行为。
So while most psychiatrists agree there is an imitative coponent to teenage suicides,
虽然大多数医生同意青少年自杀会有效仿因素，
that tendency, they say, should not lead society to repress information.
他们说，这种趋势不应该迫使社会去压制信息的曝光。
On the contrary, some say we are now facing a major epidemic of adolescent suicide in America.
相反的，有些人说我们现在面对的是美国青少年自杀大爆发。
We must publicize and confront the problem.
我们必须（进行正向）宣传，并正视这个问题。
Last year some fifty-five hundred adolescents between fifteen and twenty-four yeras of age took their lives.
去年有5500名年龄在15到24岁之间的青少年选择了结束他们的生命。
At least ten times that tried.
试图自杀的人至少是其十倍。
Some estimates are that 275 thousand teens attempted suicide last year.
据估计，去年有275,000名青少年企图自杀。
The rate of teenage suicide in America has tripled since 1955.
自1955年以来，美国青少年自杀率增加了两倍。
